Newton's second law tells us that force and acceleration are directly related; if there is an acceleration, then there is also a force. This principle can help conceptualize this question.

While the rocket is in the air, there is only one force acting on it: the force of gravity. We can thus conclude that the acceleration of the rocket is directly related to this force. Since the force on the rocket (the force of gravity) is constant, its acceleration is also constant.

Any object that is in projectile or free-fall motion will experience a constant acceleration due to gravity.

Newtonian mechanics apply to all objects of substantial mass travelling at significantly slower than the speed of light.

Newton's law of universal gravitation, Newton's second law, momentum, and the equation for mechanical energy all fall under Newtonian mechanics.

The mass-energy equivalence suggests that mass can change as the speed of an object (such as an electron) approaches the speed of light. Newtonian mechanics assume that mass is constant, and do not apply to objects approaching the speed of light.

At the maximum height of projectile motion,   and because this takes place near the surface of the earth we know  which we can plug into the equation:

We can then rearrange for 

Next substitute this value into the equation   to get the correct answer

We first need to find the vertical component of the velocity.

We can plug in the given values for the angle and the initial velocity to find the vertical component.

Now we need to solve for the time that the rock travels upward. We can then add the upward travel time to the downward travel time to find the total time in the air.

Remember that the vertical velocity at the highest point of a parabola is zero. We can use that to find the time for the rock to travel upward.

Now let's find the time for the downward travel. We don't know the final velocity for the rock, but we CAN use the information we have been given to find the height it travels upward.

Remember,  only tells us the vertical CHANGE. Since the rock started at the top of a  building, if it rose an extra , then at its highest point it is  above the ground.

This means that our  will be  as it will be traveling down from the highest point. Using this distance, we can find the downward travel time.

Add together the time for upward travel and downward travel to find the total flight time.

We first need to find the horizontal component of the initial velocity.

We can plug in the given values for the angle and initial velocity and solve.

The only force acting on the rock during flight is gravity; there are no forces in the horizontal direction, meaning that the horizontal velocity will remain constant. We can set up a simple equation to find the relationship between distance traveled and the velocity.

We know , but now we need to find the time the rock is in the air.

We need to solve for the time that the rock travels upward. We can then add the upward travel time to the downward travel time to find the total time in the air.

Remember that the vertical velocity at the highest point of a parabola is zero. We can use that to find the time for the rock to travel upward.

Now let's find the time for the downward travel. We don't know the final velocity for the rock, but we CAN use the information we have been given to find the height it travels upward.

Remember,  only tells us the vertical CHANGE. Since the rock started at the top of a  building, if it rose an extra , then at its highest point it is  above the ground.

This means that our  will be  as it will be traveling down from the highest point. Using this distance, we can find the downward travel time.

Add together the time for upward travel and downward travel to find the total flight time.

Now that we've finally found our time, we can plug that back into the equation from the beginning of the problem, along with our horizontal velocity, to solve for the final distance.

The question gives the total initial velocity, but we will need to find the horizontal and vertical components.

To find the horizontal velocity we use the equation .

We can plug in the given values for the angle and initial velocity to solve.

We can find the vertical velocity using the equation .

The horizontal velocity will not change during flight because there are no forces in the horizontal direction. The vertical velocity, however, will be affected. We need to solve for the final vertical velocity, then combine the vertical and horizontal vectors to find the total final velocity.

We know that the rock is going to travel a net distance of , as that is the distance between where the rock's initial and final positions. We now know the displacement, initial velocity, and acceleration, which will allow us to solve for the final velocity.

Because the rock is traveling downward, our velocity will be negative: .

Now that we know our final velocities in both the horizontal and vertical directions, we can find the angle created between the two trajectories. The horizontal and vertical velocities can be compared using trigonometry.

,

Plug in our values and solve for the angle.

We are looking for total velocity, which in this case has both a horizontal and vertical component.

Because the helicopter is flying horizontally we know 

We can assume that this takes place near the surface of the earth so 

We can plug this into the equation:

Next we must find the horizontal velocity. Because there are no additional forces, the horizontal velocity is the same as the initial horizontal velocity of the helicopter, so:

Next we must use vector addition to add the horizontal and vertical components of velocity. Because this horizontal and vertical velocities are perpendicular the sum will be the hypotenuse of a right triangle:

The fastest way to solve a problem like this is with momentum.

Remember that momentum is equal to mass times velocity: . We can rewrite this equation in terms of force.

Using this transformation, we can see that momentum is also equal to force times time.

 can also be thought of as .

Expand this equation to include our given values.

Even though the ball is bouncing back at the same "speed" its velocity will now be negative, as it is moving in the opposite direction. Using this understanding we can solve for the force in our equation.

Our answer is negative because the force is moving the ball in the OPPOSITE direction from the way it was originally heading.

The important thing to recognize here is that the amount of time the egg is falling will be equal to the amount of time the girl is running.

Our first step will be to find the time that the egg is in the air.

We know it starts from rest  above the ground, and we know the gravitational acceleration. Its total displacement will be , since it falls in the downward direction. We can use the appropriate motion equation to solve for the time:

Use the given values in the formula to solve for the time.

Now that we have the time, we can use it to find the speed of the girl. Her speed will be determined by the distance she travels in this amount of time.

Use our values for her distance and the time to solve for her velocity.

We can solve this problem using the kinematics equations. Note that the initial velocity will be zero, since the ball is dropped, and the acceleration will be equal to the acceleration of gravity.

This can be simplified, since the initial velocity is zero.

Use the given value for the distance (the height of the building) and the acceleration of gravity to solve for the time.