ACT Math : Factoring Equations

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for ACT Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #1 : Factoring Equations

Solve 8x2 – 2x – 15 = 0

Possible Answers:

x = -3/2 or -5/4

x = 3/2 or 5/4

x = 3/2 or -5/4

x = -3/2 or 5/4

Correct answer:

x = 3/2 or -5/4

Explanation:

The equation is in standard form, so a = 8, b = -2, and c = -15.  We are looking for two factors that multiply to ac or -120 and add to b or -2.  The two factors are -12 and 10.

So you get (2x -3)(4x +5) = 0.  Set each factor equal to zero and solve.

 

 

Example Question #2 : Factoring Equations

If (x+ 2) / 2 = (x2 - 6x - 1) / 5, then what is the value of x?

Possible Answers:

4

-2

-3

3

2

Correct answer:

-2

Explanation:

(x+ 2) / 2 = (x2 - 6x - 1) / 5. We first cross-multiply to get rid of the denominators on both sides.

5(x2 + 2) = 2(x2 - 6x - 1)

5x2 + 10 = 2x2 - 12x - 2 (Subtract 2x2, and add 12x and 2 to both sides.)

3x2 + 12x + 12 = 0 (Factor out 3 from the left side of the equation.)

3(x2 + 4x + 4) = 0 (Factor the equation, knowing that 2 + 2 = 4 and 2*2 = 4.)

3(x + 2)(x + 2) = 0

x + 2 = 0

x = -2

 

Example Question #3 : How To Factor An Equation

Which of the following is a factor of the polynomial x2 – 6x + 5?

Possible Answers:

x – 6

x – 5

x + 2

x + 1

x – 8

Correct answer:

x – 5

Explanation:

Factor the polynomial by choosing values that when FOIL'ed will add to equal the middle coefficient, 3, and multiply to equal the constant, 1.

x2 – 6+ 5 = (x – 1)(x – 5)

Because only (x – 5) is one of the choices listed, we choose it.

Example Question #3 : Factoring Equations

7 times a number is 30 less than that same number squared. What is one possible value of the number?

Possible Answers:

3\displaystyle 3

1\displaystyle 1

0\displaystyle 0

-10\displaystyle -10

-3\displaystyle -3

Correct answer:

-3\displaystyle -3

Explanation:

\small 7x+30=x^{2}\displaystyle \small 7x+30=x^{2}

\small x^{2}-7x-30=0\displaystyle \small x^{2}-7x-30=0

\small (x-10)(x+3)=0\displaystyle \small (x-10)(x+3)=0

Either:

\small x-10=0\displaystyle \small x-10=0

\small x=10\displaystyle \small x=10

or:

\small x+3=0\displaystyle \small x+3=0

\small x=-3\displaystyle \small x=-3

Example Question #4 : Factoring Equations

Which of the following is equivalent to \displaystyle 2x^{2}\left ( xy^{2}+5x^{2}y^{2} \right )?

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 2xy^{2}+x^{4}y^{2}

\displaystyle 2x^{3}y^{2}+10x^{4}y

\displaystyle x^{3}y^{2}+10x^{4}y^{2}

\displaystyle 2x^{3}y^{2}+10x^{4}y^{2}

\displaystyle 2x^{3}y^{2}+x^{4}y^{2}

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 2x^{3}y^{2}+10x^{4}y^{2}

Explanation:

The answer is \displaystyle 2x^{3}y^{2}+10x^{4}y^{2}.

To determine the answer, \displaystyle 2x^{2} must be distrbuted,

\displaystyle (2x^{2}*xy^{2}) +(2x^{2}*5x^{2}y^{2}). After multiplying the terms, the expression simplifies to \displaystyle 2x^{3}y^{2}+10x^{4}y^{2}.

Example Question #5 : Factoring Equations

For what value of b is the equation b2 + 6b + 9 = 0 true?

Possible Answers:

0

3

5

3

Correct answer:

3

Explanation:

Factoring leads to (b+3)(b+3)=0. Therefore, solving for b leads to -3.

Example Question #6 : Factoring Equations

What is the solution to:

\displaystyle \frac{x^2-6x+8}{x-2}=0

 

Possible Answers:

1

2

4

6

0

Correct answer:

4

Explanation:

First you want to factor the numerator from x– 6x + 8 to (x – 4)(x – 2)

Input the denominator (x – 4)(x – 2)/(x – 2) = (x – 4) = 0, so x = 4.

 

Example Question #7 : Factoring Equations

What is the value of \displaystyle x where:

\displaystyle 3x+5=6-2x

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle -1

\displaystyle \frac{1}{5}

\displaystyle 0

\displaystyle 1

\displaystyle -\frac{1}{5}

Correct answer:

\displaystyle \frac{1}{5}

Explanation:

The question asks us to find the value of \displaystyle x, because it is in a closed equation, we can simply put all of the whole numbers on one side of the equation, and all of the \displaystyle x containing numbers on the other side.

 

We utilize opposite operations to both sides by adding \displaystyle 2x to each side of the equation and get \displaystyle 5x+5=6

 

Next, we subtract \displaystyle 5 from both sides, yielding

 

\displaystyle 5x=1

 

Then we divide both sides by \displaystyle 5 to get rid of that \displaystyle 5 on \displaystyle 5x

 

\displaystyle x=\frac{1}{5}

Example Question #211 : Equations / Inequalities

Factor the following equation:

\displaystyle {x^3-2x^2+x}

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle x(x-1)(x-1)

\displaystyle x^{2}(x-1)

\displaystyle x^{2}(x-1)^{2}

\displaystyle (x-1)^{2}

\displaystyle (x-1)^{3}

Correct answer:

\displaystyle x(x-1)(x-1)

Explanation:

First we factor out an x then we can factor the \displaystyle (x-1)(x-1)

Example Question #203 : Algebra

Which of the following equations is NOT equivalent to the following equation?

\displaystyle 4y^{2}=169x^{2}-81

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle y=\sqrt{\frac{338x^{2}-162}{8}}

\displaystyle \frac{(2y)^{2}}{13x+9}=27x-9-14x

\displaystyle 6y^{2}=\frac{3\times (13x+9)\times (13x-9)}{2}

\displaystyle y^{2}=(\frac{13x-9}{2})^{2}

\displaystyle (2y)^{2}=(13x+9)(13x-9)

Correct answer:

\displaystyle y^{2}=(\frac{13x-9}{2})^{2}

Explanation:

The equation presented in the problem is:

\displaystyle 4y^{2}=169x^{2}-81

We know that:

 \displaystyle 169x^{2}-81=(13x)^{2}-9^{2}=(13x+9)(13x-9)

Therefore we can see that the answer choice \displaystyle (2y)^{2}=(13x+9)(13x-9) is equivalent to \displaystyle 4y^{2}=169x^{2}-81.

 

 \displaystyle \frac{(2y)^{2}}{13x+9}=27x-9-14x is equivalent to  \displaystyle 4y^{2}=169x^{2}-81. You can see this by first combining like terms on the right side of the equation: 

\displaystyle \frac{(2y)^{2}}{13x+9}=13x-9

Multiplying everything by \displaystyle 13x+9, we get back to:

\displaystyle (2y)^{2}=(13x+9)(13x-9) 

We know from our previous work that this is equivalent to \displaystyle 4y^{2}=169x^{2}-81.

 

\displaystyle 6y^{2}=\frac{3\times (13x+9)\times (13x-9)}{2} is also equivalent \displaystyle 4y^{2}=169x^{2}-81 since both sides were just multiplied by \displaystyle \frac{3}{2}. Dividing both sides by \displaystyle \frac{3}{2}, we also get back to:

\displaystyle (2y)^{2}=(13x+9)(13x-9).

We know from our previous work that this is equivalent to \displaystyle 4y^{2}=169x^{2}-81.

 

\displaystyle y=\sqrt{\frac{338x^{2}-162}{8}} is also equivalent to \displaystyle 4y^{2}=169x^{2}-81 since

\displaystyle y^{2}=(\sqrt{\frac{338x^{2}-162}{8}})^{2}=\frac{338x^{2}-162}{8}

\displaystyle 4y^{2}=\frac{338x^{2}-162}{2}=169x^{2}-81

 

Only \displaystyle y^{2}=(\frac{13x-9}{2})^{2} is NOT equivalent to \displaystyle 4y^{2}=169x^{2}-81

because

\displaystyle y^{2}=(\frac{13x-9}{2})^{2}=\frac{169x^{2}-234x-81}{4}

\displaystyle 4y^{2}=169x^{2}-81-234x \neq 4y^{2}=169x^{2}-81

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