Francisco Pizarro conquered and colonized the nation now known as Peru (homeland of the Incan people). Cortez conquered the Aztecs of Mexico, and Ponce de Leon and Coronado are associated primarily with the Caribbean. While similar, Columbus was not a true conquistador and allegedly never saw the Incas.

The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire. This phrase refers to the peak of the empire when the colonies were so vast that it was said that no matter the time of day, somewhere in the world the sun was shining on a British colony. 

All of these nations, except for Germany had numerous colonies in the Americas and were largely dependent on their natural and economic resources as a source of wealth. You could have answered this question either by knowing that Germany was not a colonial presence in America or by knowing that all of the other nations listed were such presences.

While the British famously went on to colonize Australia and many of the surrounding islands, they were not the first to discover its existence and relay that information back to Europe. While on a trade expedition to Indonesia Dutch sailor Willem Janszoon was blown off course. It was there he spotted Australia and made landfall. He was promptly attacked by the local aborigines and he returned to Indonesia.  

The Maori are the native people of New Zealand. Unlike in most other colonized nations thought, the culture of the Maori has not been largely extinguished. The Maori culture is still to this day a celebrated part of New Zealand's history. This is evidenced by the fact that New Zealand's national rugby team (New Zealand's most popular sport) performs a traditional Maori war dance before every game.

Hernan Cortes was able to conquer the Aztec empire with a small number of conquistadors.

Samurai were Japanese warriors who did not participate in the destruction of the Aztec empire.

By the time of Cortes's invasion of the Americas, no military used chariots.

The Sarissa were specialized pikemen used by Alexander the Great to conquer Persia, they were not used by Cortes.

Cortes used horses but he also used firearms, not bows and arrows.

The Gunpowder Empires got their name from their reliance of black powder weapons as the crux of their military might. They were strictly run dynastic empires focused on aggressive expansion of territories. They all three were located in the Middle East and could trace their lineage back to early Turkish tribes. 

Imperialism was the movement of Empire making, Western powers built vast colonial networks stretching around the world that offered significant political and financial advantages, while ultimately offering nothing but a weak infrastructure to many of the countries then viewed as "third world" by the colonizing powers.

The many scientific and cultural changes wrought by the Renaissance had a similarly transformative effect on the ways in which Western European nations engaged in competition. During the Medieval Ages, hostility between various countries traditionally broke out along militaristic and/or religious lines – often, these two approaches were combined. Traditional examples of pre-Renaissance era national conflict included influential monarchial visits to Rome in an attempt to leverage Papal Power or military incursions into the Middle East (such as the infamous Crusades). However, as the many developments of the Renaissance permeated national administrations and cultural institutions, many Western European countries began instead to compete on a scientific level – for example, the fastest construction of ships and weapons or the strategic gathering of scholars and artists and highly skilled craftsmen. Eventually, all of these factors coalesced into the ability of national governments to fund voyages overseas, in the hopes of snapping up land, material riches, and primacy of ownership before any other country. Columbus’s discovery of the New World dramatically heightened this trend, and before too long, Spain, Portugal, England, France, and Belgium, along with others, were all competitors in the race to control as many Western Hemisphere lands and peoples as possible.

The Treaty of Tordesillas was signed in 1492 by Spain and Portugal and in its agreement drew a line that ran north to south along the entire globe approximately 300 miles west of the Azores Islands off of the west coast of Europe. The agreement in the treaty granted Spain possession of all lands west of the line, and Portugal all lands to the east.