While Britain did have large academic societies surrounding their many universities, they did not have substantially larger academic groups than any other nation. For example, the nation of Prussia overall was the most educated nation on the planet at this point in history due to their compulsory school system.

Pasteur was a famed Medical Biologist. He was the man that invented the process of pasteurization. He also revolutionized the field of vaccinations with his rabies vaccine. He was also the one to bring the concept of cleanliness as a means to fight disease to the fore as a public policy. 

Every plant takes a different amount of nutrients out of the soil. This means if you grow the same plant in the same place for years, then the soil will stop yielding much for food because there is not enough nutrients to sustain the plants. Crop rotation means that if you grow something different in the same spot then the soil has a year to recoup the nutrients it lost thus making the yield constantly high.

The Enclosure movement was born from the idea that large farms were the most productive and therefore it was in society's best interest to give the large farms exclusive rights to these formerly public lands. The name enclosure comes from the name for the border fences that were put up across the English Countryside, called enclosures. 

Selective Breeding was revolutionary for farming and the agricultural business. This new process meant that only the strong animals on any given farm would be bred so as to keep the herds at their best. This also meant that there would be lines of animals that were physically superior to any seen before due to the strong being breed while the week died out over successive generations.

In order to keep a spinning jenny operating at all times at the same pace the Water frame was invented to power it. Most mills of the time were situated on rivers so they could use the flowing of the river to power the mill. The same idea worked to power a spinning jenny as a water frame uses the flow of water to constantly operate the machine.

Iron and coal were essential needs of any nation attempting to be an industrial power. Britain had access to some of the largest deposits of these resources anywhere in the world at the time. This gave them a serious leg up on the competition because they could expand much more rapidly due to this supply. 

Edison had over  patents filed during his lifetime. While he did invent a part to improve the telegraph in the late 1800's, he did not invent the telegraph. 

Crop Rotation was meant to help farmers improve their yield each year. This process consisted of changing which field farmers grew each crop in each year. This meant that since each crop took certain nutrients out of the soil, the soil had a chance to recover before growing that same plant again.

The seed drill was not a new invention; however, until the mid 1800's the seed drill had never been a practical or effective machine. This changed in the Industrial Revolution when inventing hit a new high. The newly made seed drill could effectively plant seeds in the ground and cover them up, saving farmers countless hours.