ASWB : Human Development, Diversity, and Behavior in the Environment
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Example Question #1 : Human Development, Diversity, And Behavior In The Environment
Which of the following is not an essential component of conflict theory?
Social classes combat social inequalities by working towards egalitarianism
Social classes possess differing amounts of resources
Society is broken into social strata
Wealthier classes use their power to exploit the lower classes
Social classes combat social inequalities by working towards egalitarianism
"Social classes combat social inequalities by working towards egalitarianism" is not an essential component of conflict theory. Conflict or Marxist theory was developed using the works of Karl Marx. This theory states that society is in conflict that arises from the division of social classes, the unequal distribution of resources, and the power of the upperclass to exploit the poor. Under this theory, conflict arises when the poor develop a class consciousness that enables them to realize their exploitation and combat it. Egalitarianism is a societal ideal where all groups are granted equal power and resources. This is in direct opposition to the basic principles of conflict theory.
Example Question #2 : Human Development, Diversity, And Behavior In The Environment
"Zero tolerance" and "quality of life" policing practices that enforce the regulation of misdemeanors in order to establish a community free of vandalism, crime, and antisocial behavior in order to maintain urban environments are the products of which of the following community theories?
Community that cares model
Giulianism
None of these
Broken windows theory
Broken windows theory
"Zero tolerance" and "quality of life" policing practices are the products of the broken windows theory. The broken windows theory posits that if communities police misdemeanors such as the vandalism (i.e. the breaking of windows), then other crimes in the community will decrease. It is suggested that the enforcement of low-level crimes creates social conformity enforced by formal and informal social sanctions, which results in the deterrence of criminal activities. In New York City, Mayor Rudolph Giuliani used this theory to implement a policing initiative to stop so called "small crimes." Under this initiative, police enforced misdemeanor crimes such as turnstile jumping—where individual jump turnstiles in order to ride subways for free. This initiative resulted in a decline in criminal activity in the city.
Example Question #3 : Human Development, Diversity, And Behavior In The Environment
Which of the following are considered to be psychosocial stressors?
Problems associated with one's occupation
All of these
Problems related to the social environment
Problems associated to the interaction with the legal system
All of these
All of the choices are considered to be psychosocial stressors. Psychosocial stress is any sort of stress that originates from the interaction with people or society. This stress occurs when an individual creates a mental interpretation of a social threat and worry they may not have the resources to necessary to respond. These worries may be real or imaginary; however, they cause psychosocial stress in the individual.
Example Question #4 : Human Development, Diversity, And Behavior In The Environment
According to gerontologists, which of the following would not be considered to be an invisible disability?
None of these
Learning difference
Debilitating pain
Vision impairment
None of these
The correct choice is the following: "none of these." Gerontologists study the social implications of aging and the role of aging adults in society. They define "invisible disabilities" as symptoms that limit an individual's ability but are not readily apparent to observers. All of the listed symptoms are considered to be invisible disabilities.
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