Basic Arithmetic : Percents and Decimals

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for Basic Arithmetic

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Example Questions

Example Question #1 : Percents And Decimals

In 2012, a university received 150,249 applicants. In 2013, the same university received 190,201 applicants. By what percent did the total number of applicants increase from 2012 to 2013?

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 26.6\%

\displaystyle 27.8\%

\displaystyle 21.0\%

\displaystyle 24.6\%

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 26.6\%

Explanation:

To find the percent change, use the following formula:

\displaystyle \bigg(\frac{new-original}{original}\bigg)\times 100

Our new number of applicants is 190,201, while the original number of applicants is 150,249.

\displaystyle \bigg(\frac{190201-150249}{150249}\bigg)\times100=26.6\%

Example Question #1 : Percents And Decimals

In January, Widget Company made \displaystyle 180,\displaystyle 129 widgets. In February, the same company made \displaystyle 200,\displaystyle 382 widgets. By what percentage did the amount of widgets made increase?

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 10.1\%

\displaystyle 12.4\%

\displaystyle 12.6\%

\displaystyle 11.2\%

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 11.2\%

Explanation:

To find the percent increase, use the following formula:

\displaystyle (\frac{\text{New value-Old value}}{\text{Old value}})\times 100

In the case of Widget Company,

\displaystyle (\frac{200382-180129}{180129})\times 100 = 11.2%

Therefore, the percent increase is \displaystyle 11.2 \%

Example Question #2 : Percents And Decimals

Derek ran his first mile in \displaystyle 10 minutes and his second mile in \displaystyle 11 minutes. 

What is the percent increase between the time it took Derek to run the first and second mile?

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 9\%

\displaystyle 11\%

\displaystyle 15\%

\displaystyle 10\%

\displaystyle 8\%

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 10\%

Explanation:

The correct answer is a percent change (increase) of \displaystyle 10\%.

This can be calculated using the following equation: 

\displaystyle \frac{\text{new}-\text{original}}{\text{original}}\cdot100 = \frac{11-10}{10}\cdot100 = \frac{1}{10} \cdot 100 = 10

Therefore, the answer is a percent increase of \displaystyle 10\%.

Example Question #76 : Basic Arithmetic

In May of the past year, Harry's company made \displaystyle \$189,281 in profit, and in June of that same year, his company made \displaystyle \$210,219 in profit. By what percent did his profit increase from May to June?

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 8.76\%

\displaystyle 9.96\%

\displaystyle 13.81\%

\displaystyle 11.06\%

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 11.06\%

Explanation:

To find percent change, use the following formula:

\displaystyle \frac{\text{New Value - Old Value}}{\text{Old Value}}\times 100

Our new value is the profit in June, $210,219. Our old value is the profit in May, $189,281.

\displaystyle \frac{210219-189281}{189281}\times100=11.06\%

Example Question #3 : Percents And Decimals

In March, an athlete weighed \displaystyle 195 pounds. In April, the same athlete weighed \displaystyle 170 pounds. What is the athlete's percentage of weight loss?

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 12.8\%

\displaystyle 14.7\%

\displaystyle 6.8\%

\displaystyle 10.3\%

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 12.8\%

Explanation:

The formula to find percentage change is

\displaystyle \bigg(\frac{new-original}{original}\bigg)\times100.

So for our athlete, our new weight is 170 pounds, and the original weight is 195 pounds.

\displaystyle \bigg(\frac{170-195}{195}\bigg)\times100=\bigg(\frac{-25}{195}\bigg)\times100=-12.8\%

Because the question already tells us that we need to find the percent lost, or percent decrease, we can drop the negative sign in the answer.

Example Question #3 : Percents And Decimals

Last month the shirt you wanted to buy cost \displaystyle \$40 and this month it costs \displaystyle \$36. What is the percent decrease?

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 15\%

\displaystyle 5\%

\displaystyle 11.11\%

\displaystyle 10\%

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 10\%

Explanation:

1. Subtract the lower price from the higher price.

\displaystyle 40-36=4

2. Divide the difference or amount of change by the initial price:

\displaystyle \frac{4}{40}=\frac{1}{10}

or 10% price decrease 

Example Question #81 : Basic Arithmetic

\displaystyle 76 is decreased by \displaystyle 18\%. What is the new number?

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 62.32

\displaystyle 89.68

\displaystyle 58

\displaystyle 75.82

\displaystyle 13.68

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 62.32

Explanation:

We first find 18% of 76:

\displaystyle 76\times .18=13.68

Since 76 is being decreased by this amount, we subtract 13.68:

\displaystyle 76-13.68=62.32

Example Question #2 : Decrease

At age \displaystyle 20 you are \displaystyle 6 inches taller than you were \displaystyle 8 years ago, when you were \displaystyle 52 inches tall. What is the percent change in your height from \displaystyle 8 years ago to now? Round your answer to the nearest tenth.

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 30.0\%

\displaystyle 11.5\%

\displaystyle 75\%

\displaystyle 15.4\%

\displaystyle 50.0\%

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 11.5\%

Explanation:

The questions throws a lot of numbers at us, but the only ones we are concerned with are those having to do with height. We use the following formula: 

\displaystyle \text{Percent Change}=\frac{\text{Amount Change}}{\text{Original Amount}}\times 100

We want to know the percent change. We know the amount change, 6 inches, and the original amount, 52 inches. Plugging these into the formula, we get: 

\displaystyle \text{Percent Change}=\frac{6}{52}\times 100=11.538462

Rounding this number to the nearest tenth gives us 11.5%.

 

Example Question #2 : Decrease

\displaystyle 30 is decreased to \displaystyle 27. What is the percent change?

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 11\%

\displaystyle 90\%

\displaystyle 3\%

\displaystyle 10\%

\displaystyle 9\%

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 10\%

Explanation:

Percent change is found by the following formula:

\displaystyle \text{Percent Change}=\frac{\text{Amount Change}}{\text{Original Amount}}\times 100

Amount change is the difference between the old amount and the new amount.

Here, the original amount is 30, and the new amount is 27. The difference between them is:

\displaystyle 30-27=3

We plug in 3 for amount change and 30 for original amount and simplify:

\displaystyle \text{Percent Change}=\frac{3}{30}\times 100

\displaystyle \text{Percent Change}=\frac{3}{30}\times100=.1\times 100=10

Our final answer is 10%.

Example Question #1 : Finding Part, Percent, And Whole

What is the perimeter of a semicircle with an area of \displaystyle 2\pi?

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 2\pi+2

\displaystyle 4\pi+2

\displaystyle 2\pi+4

\displaystyle 4\pi+4

\displaystyle \sqrt2 \pi +4

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 2\pi+4

Explanation:

This is a multi-step problem.  The perimeter of a semicircle is the sum of the circumference and diameter.  First, since we are given the area, we will need to find the radius.

For the area of a semicircle:

\displaystyle A= \frac{1}{2}\pi r^2

Since the area is \displaystyle 2\pi, substitute this into A to find radius r.

\displaystyle 2\pi= \frac{1}{2}\pi r^2

\displaystyle 4= r^2

\displaystyle 2=r

Since the radius is 2, the diameter is 4.  

\displaystyle D=4

The circumference for a semicircle is:

\displaystyle C=\frac{1}{2} \pi D

\displaystyle C= \frac{1}{2}\pi \left ( 4\right ) = 2\pi

The perimeter is the sum of the circumference and diameter:

\displaystyle 2\pi +4

 

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