GRE Subject Test: Biochemistry, Cell, and Molecular Biology : Help with Golgi Apparatus Function

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for GRE Subject Test: Biochemistry, Cell, and Molecular Biology

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Example Questions

Example Question #1 : Endoplasmic Reticulum And Golgi Apparatus

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

Possible Answers:

Protein sorting

Post-translational modifications of proteins

Maintaining the secretory pathway

All of these are primary functions of the Golgi apparatus

Correct answer:

All of these are primary functions of the Golgi apparatus

Explanation:

The Golgi apparatus is a complex organelle with many various functions. These functions are primarily dedicated to protein modification, protein packaging, and protein sorting. Some of post-translational modifications that take place in this organelle include glycosylation and phosphorylation. The Golgi apparatus is an important relay in the secretory pathway, as it produces the vesicles that contain most secreted peptides.

Example Question #1 : Endoplasmic Reticulum And Golgi Apparatus

Which of the following GTP-binding proteins is associated with COPI during vesicle assembly and budding in the cis-Golgi?

 

Possible Answers:

Glycosidases

Soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE)

ADP ribosylation factors (ARFs)

SAR1A

ATPases

Correct answer:

ADP ribosylation factors (ARFs)

Explanation:

The correct answer is ADP ribosylation factors (ARFs). ARFs are active when bound by GTP, and inactive when bound by GDP. The active GTP-bound form of ARF binds the vesicle coat protein 1 (COPI), to faciliate vesicle budding from the cis-Golgi face.

Example Question #1 : Endoplasmic Reticulum And Golgi Apparatus

Each of the following functions are associated with the Golgi apparatus, except __________.

Possible Answers:

Delivery of proteins to the lysosome

Contains resident proteins required for the electron transport chain (ETC)

Formation of proteoglycans for the extracellular matrix

Post-translational modifications to proteins to aid in their sorting

Delivery of proteins to the plasma membrane

Correct answer:

Contains resident proteins required for the electron transport chain (ETC)

Explanation:

The Golgi apparatus is considered the post office of the cell; proteins are received, sorted, modified, and sent to their final cellular destination. The proteins required for the electron transport chain are localized to the mitochondria, and are not within the Golgi apparatus, thus this is the correct selection. 

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