The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two objects are in thermodynamic equilibrium with a third object, then they must be in thermodynamic equilibrium with each other. In this question, the coffee is in equilibrium with both the milk and the sugar, allowing us to conclude that the milk and sugar must be in equilibrium with each other.

The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of the universe is always increasing, and is not relevant to this particular scenario.

The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two separate systems are in equilibrium with a third system, then they are in equilibrium with each other. The zeroth law of thermodynamics is essentially equivalent to the transitive property of mathematics.

If and , then .

The first law of thermodynamics states that internal energy changes due to heat flow. Mathematically, this law is presented as .

The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy (or disorder) of the universe is always increasing. Certain systems exist in which there is a local decrease in entropy, but these processes are always balanced by an increase of entropy outside of the system.

The third law of thermodynamics states that absolute zero is the state in which a system has zero entropy. Essentially, this means that it is impossible to reach absolute zero (at least with modern technology).

The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are in equilibrium with each other. If gas A is in equilibrium with gas B and gas C, then gas be and gas C must be in thermal equilibrium with each other.

For this problem, use the first law of thermodynamics. The change in energy equals the increase in heat energy minus the work done.

We are not given a value for work, but we can solve for it using the force and distance. Work is the product of force and displacement.

Now that we have the value of work done and the value for heat added, we can solve for the total change in energy.

For this problem, use the first law of thermodynamics. The change in energy equals the increase in heat energy minus the work done.

We are given the amount of work done by the gas and the total energy of the system. Using these values, we can solve for the heat added.

For this problem, use the first law of thermodynamics. The change in energy equals the increase in heat energy minus the work done.

We are given the total change in energy and the original amount of heat added. Using these values, we can solve for the work done by the system.

The first law of thermodynamics is another wording of the law of conservation of energy. Effectively it states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can change forms.

This means that, in the given situation of the ball rolling down the hill, the total initial energy equals the final kinetic energy plus heat.

The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if a system is in equilibrium with two other systems, then the two other systems are in equilibrium with each other.

The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a closed system will always increase.

The third law of thermodynamics states that absolute zero is the temperature at which entropy is zero.

According to the first law of thermodynamics, change in internal energy of a closed system is given by the difference between the heat energy added to the system and the work done by the system:

In an isothermal process, temperature is constant. Temperature is a measure of internal energy of the system. If temperature is constant, then there is no fluctuation of internal energy.

It can be implied that heat added to the system is equal to work done by the system.

The second law of thermodynamics states that closed systems constantly move towards a state of thermal equilibrium. Since we are looking at a closed system, that means we must be moving towards a state of equilibrium. The only way that happens is if the air cools and the water warms, until they both reach a new final temperature.

Looking at this question in terms of heat transfer, we can infer that the glass of water will warm up, but there must be a transfer of heat to the glass in order for this to occur. The heat comes from the air, causing it to cool as the glass warms.

The third law of thermodynamics states that it is impossible to decrease the temperature of a system to absolute zero in a finite number of steps. To do so would require that the entropy of the system also reaches zero, suggesting that the atoms cease vibrating in the material and it has zero net energy. Such a process is not possible.