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Example Questions
Example Question #1271 : Human Anatomy And Physiology
What in one defining characteristic of veins?
They carry blood from the heart to the capillaries
They have a muscular layer allowing them to expand and contract, thus regulating blood pressure
They carry blood from capillaries to the heart
They carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the capillaries
They carry deoxygenated blood from capillaries to the heart
They carry blood from capillaries to the heart
Veins always carry blood towards the heart. The blood in veins is mostly deoxygenated, however the pulmonary vein, which goes from the lungs to the left atrium, carries newly oxygenated blood back to the heart for it to be pumped to the rest of the body.
In contrast, arteries always travel away from the heart and usually carry oxygenated blood, with the exception of the pulmonary arteries. Arteries and arterioles have a thick layer of smooth muscle that helps to regulate blood pressure. Veins may have some smooth muscle, but are not nearly as significant in helping to regulate blood flow.
Example Question #1272 : Human Anatomy And Physiology
Which of the following statements about the cardiovascular system is false?
The right side of the heart is part of the pulmonary circuit
The pulmonary veins bring back deoxygenated blood to the heart
The vena cavae release blood into the right atrium
Arteries deliver blood away from the heart
The pulmonary veins bring back deoxygenated blood to the heart
A common misconception is that all veins carry deoxygenated blood. In reality, all veins are responsible for bringing blood back to the heart. Generally, blood traveling toward the heart is deoxygentated. The pulmonary veins, however, bring blood that has just received oxygen from the lungs back to the heart. The pulmonary veins are the only veins in the body to carry oxygenated blood.
Similarly, the pulmonary arteries are the only arteries to carry deoxygentated blood away from the heart. All arteries carry blood away from the heart, but most contain oxygenated blood. The vena cavae are large veins that carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the right atrium. This blood is then transferred to the right ventricle, and the then pulmonary arteries for transport to the lungs. The path of blood from the heart to the lungs and back is known as the pulmonary circuit.
Example Question #1273 : Human Anatomy And Physiology
Which of the following is a characteristic of arteries?
They have valves in order to keep blood moving
They are at the lowest pressure out of all blood vessels
They have larger lumens compared to veins
They have thicker walls than veins
They have thicker walls than veins
Arteries and veins differ in a few key ways. Arteries are much thicker than veins in order to compensate for the larger pressure exerted on them. Layers of smooth muscle in arteries is used to modulate this high pressure, allowing the vessel to expand or constrict. Veins have much larger lumens than arteries and have valves in order to prevent the backflow of blood. Veins have much lower pressure, but also must force blood to flow against gravity in order to carry it from the periphery back to the heart. This is accomplished by the venous valves.
Example Question #1274 : Human Anatomy And Physiology
Which blood vessel type can be constricted in order to redirect blood flow as needed by the body?
Capillaries
Arteries
Venules
Arterioles
Arterioles
During times of stress or physical activity, sympathetic nerves can stimulate blood vessels to constrict and dilate in order to redirect blood to the needed areas in the body. For example, sympathetic innervation can direct blood away from the skin and digestive tracts to facilitate muscle action.
Arterioles are typically surrounded by smooth muscle and can be constricted in order to redirect blood flow. Arteries also contain smooth muscle, but are generally too large to have specific, well-controlled effects on blood flow regulation. Venules have very little smooth muscle, and capillaries have none. Remember that the walls of capillaries consist of only a single layer of endothelium.
Example Question #1275 : Human Anatomy And Physiology
Which of the following vessels carries blood from the periphery towards the heart?
Capillary
Artery
Vein
Efferent arterioles
Vein
Veins and arteries are the two primary vessels of the circulatory system. Blood is pumped from the heart into arteries, which branch into smaller arterioles. Arterioles terminate in capillary beds, which are specialized to allow for gas exchange. Blood leave the capillaries through venules, which expand into veins that carry the blood back to the heart. Veins always travel toward the heart and arteries always travel away from the heart.
Efferent arterioles are specialized arterioles in the kidneys that transport blood between two separate capillary beds, known as the renal portal system.
Example Question #1276 : Human Anatomy And Physiology
In which of the following cardiovascular structures is blood pressure lowest?
Capillaries
Venules
Venae cavae
Arterioles
Arteries
Venae cavae
Blood flows through the circulatory system as a result of pressure generated by the heart. As blood moves throughout the circulatory system, pressure is lost due to friction generated between blood and blood vessel walls. Therefore, pressure falls continuously as blood moves farther from the heart. Since the body wants to maintain a forward, unidirectional flow of blood, the highest blood pressure is found in the aorta, and the lowest blood pressure is found in the venae cavae - just before emptying into the right atrium.
Example Question #1277 : Human Anatomy And Physiology
What is the name for the process of the growth of new blood vessels?
Hypertension
Atherosclerosis
Vasoconstriction
Angiogenesis
Hematopoiesis
Angiogenesis
Angiogenesis is the development and growth of new blood vessels. The process is regulated by a class of peptides called angiogenic factors. Hematopoiesis is the process by which blood cells are made, in the bone marrow. Atherosclerosis refers to the thickening and the loss of the elasticity of the arteries due to deposition of plaques. Hypertension refers to high blood pressure. Vasoconstriction involves the contraction of smooth muscle surrounding vessels, decreasing blood flow and increasing blood pressure in those vessels.
Example Question #1278 : Human Anatomy And Physiology
Which veins and arteries in the body do not contract effectively after an injury because they are held open by dense connective tissue?
Major arteries and veins near the groin
The veins and arteries of the scalp
None of these
Veins and arteries of the hands
Veins and arteries of the foot
The veins and arteries of the scalp
The scalp bleeds profusely not only because the densely packed hair follicles demand a greater blood supply, but also because the superficial fascia (that binds the skin to the connective tissue of the occipitofrontalis muscle) prevents vascular dilation. Because of this, clotting is more difficult.
Example Question #9 : Help With Arterial And Venous Physiology
Which of the following is not a layer found in blood vessels?
Tunica adventitia
Stratum corneum
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Internal elastic lamina
Stratum corneum
The statum corneum is the superficialmost layer of the skin and is not a component of blood vessels.
Example Question #1 : Help With Arterial And Venous Physiology
Why would superficial vein blood flow be slower than deep vein blood flow?
Skeletal muscle contractions do not help blood flow on the surface
Superficial veins are cooler on the surface which reduces blood flow
Blood flows at similar rates in deep and superficial veins
Superficial veins are more vulnerable to rupturing so they have reduced blood flow to combat this possibility
None of these
Skeletal muscle contractions do not help blood flow on the surface
Blood flow in the veins is much slower because the blood is much farther from the left ventricle. Since the force of this powerful contraction is far "behind" venous flow, blood in veins is more likely to flow backward than in an artery. Because of this, veins have valves to prevent backflow much like the valves in the heart prevent back flow between chambers. The reason the blood flow in deep veins is generally faster than that of superficial veins is because muscle contractions help to move blood along in deep veins. A prime example is the lower legs. Contraction of the gastrocnemius (calf) muscle causes blood to move up through the lesser saphenous vein.
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