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Example Questions
Example Question #1 : Central Nervous System
The ventral horn in the spinal cord contains which of the following?
Sensory nerves
Sensory neurons
Motor neurons
Cerebrospinal fluid
Motor neurons
The spinal cord has both ventral and dorsal horns. The dorsal horns contain afferent neurons that receive sensory input from the environment, while the ventral horns contain efferent motor neurons that send impulses to the effector.
Nerves are separate structures that branch out from the spinal cord and central nervous system into the periphery. Cerebrospinal fluid surrounds the components of the central nervous system and acts to protect the brain and spinal cord, as well as regulate the environment of the central nervous system.
Example Question #2 : Central Nervous System
What spinal tract carries sensory information about vibrations through the spinal cord before arriving at the post-central gyrus of the cerebral cortex?
Dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway
Corticospinal pathway
Corticobulbar pathway
Anterior spinothalamic pathway
Lateral spinothalamic pathway
Dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway
The dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway is the sensory pathway of the neural system that transports vibration, proprioception, two-point discrimmination, and fine touch.
The lateral spinothalamic pathway is the sensory pathway that transports pain and temperature sensation.
The corticospinal pathway is the motor control pathway that travels from the brain—specifically the precentral gyrus—to the spinal cord.
The corticobulbar pathway is the motor control pathway that travels from the brain, to the brainstem and the cranial nerves.
The anterior spinothalamic pathway is sensory pathway for crude touch and pressure.
Example Question #1 : Help With Spinal Physiology
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is made by the choroid plexus in the lateral ventricals of the telencephalon. The CSF is then reabsorbed in the arachnoid villi in the superior sagittal sinus.
Before cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) travels from the third ventricle into the fourth ventricle, what does it flow through?
Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius
Foramen of Lushka
Foramen of Monro
Central canal
Foramen of Magendie
Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius
The correct order of CSF flow is as follows:
Lateral ventricals, foramen of Monro, third ventricle, cerebrel aqueduct of Sylvius, fourth ventricle, foramen of Magendie (medial) and foramen of Lushka (lateral), central canal and subarachnoid space, superior sagittal sinus
Example Question #2 : Central Nervous System
Which of the following neural tracts regulate activity of the extensor muscles of the lower extremities?
Rubrospinal tract
Tectospinal tract
Lateral spinothalamic tract
Fasciculus gracilis
Lateral vestibulospinal tract
Lateral vestibulospinal tract
The lateral spinothalamic tract is a sensory tract that conveys pain and temperature information. Although the tectospinal tract is a motor tract, it coordinates reflexive head movements in response to visual stimuli. The rubrospinal tract is also a motor tract, but it regulates activity of the upper extremity flexors. The fasciculus gracilis is a sensory tract carries proprioception, vibration, and light touch information, from the lower extremities.
Example Question #4 : Central Nervous System
The thoracic spine gives rise to how many segments?
The spinal cord consists of 31 segments/pairs. The cervical contains 8, thoracic contains 12, lumbar contains 5, sacral contains 5, and coccygeal contains 1.
Example Question #3 : Central Nervous System
The dorsal column tracts ascend in the fasciculus gracilis and fasiculus cuneatus and cross over in the __________.
thalamus
spinal cord
midbrain
medulla
hypothalamus
medulla
The dorsal column track is an ascending system conveying somatic sensory information to the brain. The dorsal column tracts ascend in the fasiculus gracilis and fasiculus cuneatus. They synapse in the medulla so that signals from the left side of the body are transmitted to the right side, and vice versa.
Example Question #4 : Central Nervous System
Where do the nuclei of the parasympathetic nervous system originate?
Thoracolumbar region (T1-L3)
Thoracolumbar (T1-L3) and S2-S4
S2-S4 only
Craniosacral region (cranial nerves and S2-S4)
Craniosacral region (cranial nerves and S2-S4)
Preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system originate in the nuclei of the craniosacral region (cranial nerves and in the spinal cord segments of S2-S4). Those of the sympathetic nervous system originate in the thoracolumbar region (spinal cord segments of T1-L3).
Example Question #1 : Central Nervous System
What passes through the anterior roots of the spinal cord?
Cell bodies of neurons
Incoming sensory information
Outgoing instructions
Axons of the neurons
Outgoing instructions
The anterior roots are where outgoing instructions leave the spinal cord. The posterior roots are where incoming sensory information enter the spinal cord. Grey matter contains the cell bodies of neurons, while the white matter contains the axons of nerves.
Example Question #9 : Help With Spinal Physiology
Where do A delta fibers terminate in the Rexed laminae?
II and III
V only
II only
II, III, and V
I and II
I and II
A delta fibers are responsible for signaling "new" sharp pain. The body sends this sensory information to Rexed Laminae I and II. *I and II are called the substantia gelatinosa.
Example Question #981 : Human Anatomy And Physiology
Fasciculus gracilus carries primarily __________ information.
proprioception/touch
motor
pain and temperature
taste
gustatory
proprioception/touch
Fasciculus gracilus is one of the component to the dorsal columns. Remember that anything that is dorsal of the spinal cord is associated with sensation. In addition, the dorsal columns control touch while the spinothalamic tract carries pain and temperature information.
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