All IB Psychology SL Resources
Example Questions
Example Question #1 : Biological Level Of Analysis
__________ receive messages from other neurons. Sufficient levels of stimulation trigger the cell’s own __________, sending an electrical current down the __________ to the cell’s __________, which join with yet more cells.
Dendrites. . . neurotransmitter. . . axon. . . nerve ending
Axons. . . signal. . . myelin sheath. . . terminal buttons
Dendrites. . . action potential. . . axon. . . terminal buttons
Neurotransmitters. . . signal. . . myelin sheath. . . dendrites
Neurotransmitter. . . action potential. . . signal. . . terminal buttons
Dendrites. . . action potential. . . axon. . . terminal buttons
Nerve cells, or neurons, have a basic tree-like structure, which allows them to communicate with other nerve cells. Branch-like dendrites extend from the cell body (i.e. soma) and receive electrochemical signals from other cells. The long, thin axon endings—terminal buttons—extend from the other end of the soma. If the positively-charged signals received into the cell from the dendrites exceed the cell’s normally negative charge, then the axon allows the excess positive ions to travel down it to the terminal buttons, which in turn send neurotransmitters into the gap (i.e. synapse) between them and other cell’s dendrites. The myelin sheath does not itself relay signals, but rather is a natural lipid insulation on the axons of some cells.
Example Question #2 : Biological Level Of Analysis
__________ receive messages from other neurons. Sufficient levels of stimulation trigger the cell’s own __________, sending an electrical current down the __________ to the cell’s __________, which join with yet more cells.
Dendrites. . . neurotransmitter. . . axon. . . nerve ending
Neurotransmitters. . . signal. . . myelin sheath. . . dendrites
Neurotransmitter. . . action potential. . . signal. . . terminal buttons
Dendrites. . . action potential. . . axon. . . terminal buttons
Axons. . . signal. . . myelin sheath. . . terminal buttons
Dendrites. . . action potential. . . axon. . . terminal buttons
Nerve cells, or neurons, have a basic tree-like structure, which allows them to communicate with other nerve cells. Branch-like dendrites extend from the cell body (i.e. soma) and receive electrochemical signals from other cells. The long, thin axon endings—terminal buttons—extend from the other end of the soma. If the positively-charged signals received into the cell from the dendrites exceed the cell’s normally negative charge, then the axon allows the excess positive ions to travel down it to the terminal buttons, which in turn send neurotransmitters into the gap (i.e. synapse) between them and other cell’s dendrites. The myelin sheath does not itself relay signals, but rather is a natural lipid insulation on the axons of some cells.
Example Question #1 : Cognitive Level Of Analysis
Which of the following is an instance of cognitive dissonance?
A person experiences severe disconnection from their surroundings and psychological distress at the thought of the loneliness of their condition. This kind of alienation is termed cognitive dissonance.
All of these
A man steals money from his friend and then experiences a state of stress due to contradicting beliefs. On the one hand, he believed that he was a good person, but he also believes good people don't steal. These two beliefs cannot be true at the same time, so he is in a state of dissonance.
A person's consciousness becomes fractured and they start to act like two different people at random times. Their behavior begins to represent two antagonistic forces in their consciousness that are fighting each other.
A woman sees her friend in pain and immediately starts to cry. She finds the exact emotions of her friend to be mirrored within herself. She would then be in a state of dissonance because she finds herself completely immersed in her friend's psychological state of mind.
A man steals money from his friend and then experiences a state of stress due to contradicting beliefs. On the one hand, he believed that he was a good person, but he also believes good people don't steal. These two beliefs cannot be true at the same time, so he is in a state of dissonance.
Cognitive dissonance has to do with the beliefs we hold, namely when they come into conflict with one another. For instance, the man has belief number one: Good people do not steal. At the same time, he also believes that he is a good person. When he is confronted with the reality of his actions (i.e. that he stole money from his friend), he experiences dissonance since those two beliefs now contradict each other.
Example Question #2 : Cognitive Level Of Analysis
Which of the following is an instance of cognitive dissonance?
A person experiences severe disconnection from their surroundings and psychological distress at the thought of the loneliness of their condition. This kind of alienation is termed cognitive dissonance.
All of these
A person's consciousness becomes fractured and they start to act like two different people at random times. Their behavior begins to represent two antagonistic forces in their consciousness that are fighting each other.
A woman sees her friend in pain and immediately starts to cry. She finds the exact emotions of her friend to be mirrored within herself. She would then be in a state of dissonance because she finds herself completely immersed in her friend's psychological state of mind.
A man steals money from his friend and then experiences a state of stress due to contradicting beliefs. On the one hand, he believed that he was a good person, but he also believes good people don't steal. These two beliefs cannot be true at the same time, so he is in a state of dissonance.
A man steals money from his friend and then experiences a state of stress due to contradicting beliefs. On the one hand, he believed that he was a good person, but he also believes good people don't steal. These two beliefs cannot be true at the same time, so he is in a state of dissonance.
Cognitive dissonance has to do with the beliefs we hold, namely when they come into conflict with one another. For instance, the man has belief number one: Good people do not steal. At the same time, he also believes that he is a good person. When he is confronted with the reality of his actions (i.e. that he stole money from his friend), he experiences dissonance since those two beliefs now contradict each other.
Example Question #1 : Ib Psychology Sl
Which of the following factors is most likely to cause an individual to conform their opinion to match that of a group?
The presence of an authority figure, even if the authority figure does not give a personal opinion
The topic in discussion bears personal meaning to the individual
The individual has not yet voiced their opinions, though others have been given a chance to speak
The group's view contradicts to the religious beliefs of the individual
None of these
The individual has not yet voiced their opinions, though others have been given a chance to speak
Solomon Asch is most well-known for his social psychology studies on conformity. Individuals are most likely to conform when they are in a group. Social normative refers to the influence other people have on an individual that leads to conformity, driven by a desire to fit in. If an individual has not yet voiced their opinions, they are also more likely to conform to a group's view. Outside influences such as these have a major impact on conformity.
Example Question #2 : Ib Psychology Sl
Which of the following factors is most likely to cause an individual to conform their opinion to match that of a group?
The group's view contradicts to the religious beliefs of the individual
The topic in discussion bears personal meaning to the individual
The individual has not yet voiced their opinions, though others have been given a chance to speak
None of these
The presence of an authority figure, even if the authority figure does not give a personal opinion
The individual has not yet voiced their opinions, though others have been given a chance to speak
Solomon Asch is most well-known for his social psychology studies on conformity. Individuals are most likely to conform when they are in a group. Social normative refers to the influence other people have on an individual that leads to conformity, driven by a desire to fit in. If an individual has not yet voiced their opinions, they are also more likely to conform to a group's view. Outside influences such as these have a major impact on conformity.
Example Question #1 : Options
Which of the following is not hypothesized as a contributing factor of depression?
Learned helplessness
Low levels of serotonin in the brain
Excess levels of dopamine in the brain
Genetic predisposition
The cognitive triad
Excess levels of dopamine in the brain
Genetics, low serotonin, learned helplessness, and the cognitive triad are all hypothesized to be contributing factors to depression; however, excess levels of dopamine contribute to schizophrenia, not depression.
Learned helplessness is the idea that a person has learned from past experiences that they cannot control parts of their life, which can contribute to depression. Beck's cognitive triad examines the explanations people make about themselves, their future, and their world. When something happens, someone can decide that it was either caused by them or caused by an external factor (internal/external), generalize the event to all events or keep it specific to the event at hand (global / specific), and decide whether he or she thinks it will continue in the future or will end soon (stable/unstable). When someone is depressed, they tend to believe that good events are external, specific, and unstable, while bad events are internal, global, and stable.
Example Question #2 : Options
Which of the following is not hypothesized as a contributing factor of depression?
Low levels of serotonin in the brain
The cognitive triad
Excess levels of dopamine in the brain
Genetic predisposition
Learned helplessness
Excess levels of dopamine in the brain
Genetics, low serotonin, learned helplessness, and the cognitive triad are all hypothesized to be contributing factors to depression; however, excess levels of dopamine contribute to schizophrenia, not depression.
Learned helplessness is the idea that a person has learned from past experiences that they cannot control parts of their life, which can contribute to depression. Beck's cognitive triad examines the explanations people make about themselves, their future, and their world. When something happens, someone can decide that it was either caused by them or caused by an external factor (internal/external), generalize the event to all events or keep it specific to the event at hand (global / specific), and decide whether he or she thinks it will continue in the future or will end soon (stable/unstable). When someone is depressed, they tend to believe that good events are external, specific, and unstable, while bad events are internal, global, and stable.
Example Question #3 : Options
Five-year-old Jane uses words, images, and symbols to understand her world. She cannot yet reason logically and is egocentric. Which of Jean Piaget's developmental stages is Jane most likely experiencing?
Preoperational
Sensorimotor
Object permanence
Concrete operational
Formal operational
Preoperational
Jane is in the preoperational stage of development, which occurs between ages two and seven. During this stage a child is egocentric, or unable to understand the perspective of others, and uses imagery and symbols. Sensorimotor is the first stage that occurs from birth to age two. During this stage a child uses the senses and develops object permanence, or the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible. Note that object permanence is not a stage. The concrete operational stage occurs from ages seven to eleven. During this stage a child develops conservation, where a he or she understands that a substance does not change size just because its form changes. The formal operational stage occurs after age eleven and involves abstract logic and reasoning.
Example Question #4 : Options
Five-year-old Jane uses words, images, and symbols to understand her world. She cannot yet reason logically and is egocentric. Which of Jean Piaget's developmental stages is Jane most likely experiencing?
Preoperational
Concrete operational
Object permanence
Formal operational
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Jane is in the preoperational stage of development, which occurs between ages two and seven. During this stage a child is egocentric, or unable to understand the perspective of others, and uses imagery and symbols. Sensorimotor is the first stage that occurs from birth to age two. During this stage a child uses the senses and develops object permanence, or the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible. Note that object permanence is not a stage. The concrete operational stage occurs from ages seven to eleven. During this stage a child develops conservation, where a he or she understands that a substance does not change size just because its form changes. The formal operational stage occurs after age eleven and involves abstract logic and reasoning.
All IB Psychology SL Resources
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