AP Biology : Understanding the Sugar-Phosphate Backbone
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Example Questions
Example Question #1 : Understanding The Sugar Phosphate Backbone
The most prevalent negative charge on DNA can be found on which of the following molecular components?
Hydroxyl residues
Phosphate backbone
Ribose sugar ring
Phosphodiester linkage
Hydrogen bonds between base pairs
Phosphate backbone
The phosphate backbone of DNA is negatively charged due to the bonds created between the phosphorous atoms and the oxygen atoms. Each phosphate group contains one negatively charged oxygen atom, therefore the entire strand of DNA is negatively charged due to repeated phosphate groups.
Example Question #22 : Dna, Rna, And Proteins
Please complete the analogy.
Nitrogen : Nucleic Acids :: Phosphorous : ______________.
Phospholipids
DNA
ATP
All answer choices
ADP
All answer choices
Nitrogen is essential to create all the nucleic acids, and phosphorous is essential to create phospholipids (an obvious choice), ATP and ADP (they are the same class of molecule, and the P stands for phosphate), and DNA (for the phosphate-sugar backbone).
Example Question #23 : Dna, Rna, And Proteins
Which of the following is not true of a DNA molecule?
Adenine and thymine are held together by phosphodiester bonds
A purine or pyrimidine is bound to each sugar-phosphate group
Uracil is not a component of the molecule
Complementary strands are held together by hydrogen bonds
Adenine and thymine are held together by phosphodiester bonds
DNA is a polymer composed of nucleotide monomers. Each nucleotide is formed from a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base. There are two types of nitrogenous bases: purines and pyrimidines. The purines are adenine and guanine, while the pyrimidines are thymine and cytosine (and uracil). Adenine will always bind thymine and cytosine will always bind guanine. Uracil is only found in RNA, and is absent from DNA.
During DNA replication and synthesis, nucleotides align so that the nitrogenous bases are correctly paired. The bases bind to one other via hydrogen bonding to secure the nucleotide to the template strand. The protein DNA ligase then fuses the sugar-phosphate groups of adjacent nucleotides to create the DNA backbone. These bonds are known as phosphodiester bonds.
The only false statement concerns the identity of bonding between nitrogenous bases. Bases are held together by hydrogen bonds, and the DNA backbone is held together by phosphodiester bonds.
Example Question #1 : Understanding The Sugar Phosphate Backbone
A __________ bond between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of an adjacent nucleotide stabilizes the backbone of the DNA.
weak
covalent
ionic
metallic
hydrogen
covalent
The bond formed between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of an adjacent nucleotide is a covalent bond. A covalent bond is the sharing of electrons between atoms. A covalent bond is stronger than a hydrogen bond (hydrogen bonds hold pairs of nucleotides together on opposite strands in DNA). Thus, the covalent bond is crucial to the backbone of the DNA.
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