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Example Questions
Example Question #1 : Philosophies And Ideologies 1750 To 1900
Enlightenment thinkers Voltaire, Hume, Wollstonecraft, and Rousseau shared a belief in __________.
the value of emotion over reason
the social and economic benefits of religion
the necessity of absolutist monarchs
the capacity of human reason to resolve problems in society
the subservience and intellectual inferiority of women
the capacity of human reason to resolve problems in society
Hume and Voltaire, in particular, were highly skeptical of the church. Wollstonecraft and Rousseau debated the role of women in society, although neither promoted their subservience. All of the thinkers above were critical of absolutist or tyrannical rule. The Romantics, not the Enlightenment thinkers, valued emotional responses to the world. One of the few things that all of the thinkers above agreed on was the power of human reason.
Example Question #203 : Ap World History
The belief that workers should control the means of production was promoted by which nineteenth-century philosopher(s)?
Georg Hegel
Friedrich Nietzsche
Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill
Soren Kierkegaard
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Mill and Bentham wrote about Utilitarianism, Nietzsche and Kierkegaard wrote about Existentialism, and Hegel wrote about Idealism. Engels and Marx wrote about Communism and promoted placing the means of production in the hands of the workers.
Example Question #2 : Philosophies And Ideologies 1750 To 1900
What is Nationalism?
Support for a nations military
Love of a nation
Loyalty to a nation
Identifying oneself with a nation or ethnic group
Identifying oneself with a nation or ethnic group
While these all became associated with nationalism, the true definition of nationalism is the basic statement of identifying with a nation or group of people. This association over time led to the fanatical devotion and love of this nation or group that would spin Europe out of control towards the First World War.
Example Question #212 : Ap World History
What political philosophy was Robert Owen the founder of?
Mercantilism
Socialism
Republicanism
Communism
Socialism
Socialism is most often attributed to Robert Owen. He was a political and social philosopher of the 18th and 19th centuries. He wanted to see society turned into a utopia using a specific formula that later became known as socialism.
Example Question #2 : Philosophies And Ideologies 1750 To 1900
What was the main idea behind the philosophy of socialism?
Equality of all people
Greater government regulation
Eradication of poverty
Greater income equality
Equality of all people
At this time in history people were not treated equally before the law, in the workplace, or in society as a whole. People were treated differently based on their economic status, gender, race, and ethnicity. Socialism called for the immediate end to this practice and the start of policy that made everyone equal.
Example Question #61 : Philosophies And Ideologies
Who is credited with creating the philosophical basis for Communism?
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Vladimir Lenin
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Thomas More and Eduard Bernstein
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Marx and Engels were German social philosophers who advocated an economic and social theory known as Marxism. Political systems based on Marxism have been called communist due to their emphasis on community improvement and common good. It bears noting, however, that notable communist governments, like the Soviet government, bear little resemblance to the theories and systems advocated by Marx and Engels.
Example Question #62 : Philosophies And Ideologies
Which of the following is not a famous book written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels?
The Communist Manifesto
Value, Price and Profit
Das Kapital
Reform or Revolution
Reform or Revolution
The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital are the most famous works of Marx and Engels by far. They did, however, write many more books over the years including Value, Price, and Profit, which was critical of the use of mass labor by the wealthy for their gain. Reform or Revolution was written by Rosa Luxembourg, a follower of Marx and Engels.
Example Question #216 : Ap World History
According to Marxism, what group of people was supposed to be the ruling class?
The masses
The military
A new royalty
The educated
The masses
Marx and Engels advocated the masses or Proletariat as the group that should rule the nation. They felt that to put power into the hands of a few would invite the few to abuse their power. They said the only one capable of ruling the people was the people themselves.
Example Question #63 : Philosophies And Ideologies
What was the Iron Law of Wages?
Wages would only increase as a society became more educated
Wages would continue to increase over time
Wages would trend downward toward the minimum needed to sustain a workers life
Wages would decrease due to immigrant influxes
Wages would trend downward toward the minimum needed to sustain a workers life
The Iron Law of Wages was a philosophy posited by LaSalle and Ricardo that said wages would always decrease toward the minimum required by the workers. They said that only when wages dipped below that minimum and workers reacted against it would they temporarily jump up, only then to begin to decrease again.
Example Question #1 : Philosophies And Ideologies 1750 To 1900
What is Utilitarianism?
The moral philosophy that goods should only be made that can be of benefit to society
The moral philosophy that the most ethical action is the one that provides the most good to the highest number of people
The moral philosophy that the most ethical action is the one that is most rational
The moral philosophy that people needed to share in prosperity so all could prosper
The moral philosophy that the most ethical action is the one that provides the most good to the highest number of people
Utilitarianism was a philosophy that concerned the morals and ethics of society. It said that the most ethical action was the one that contributed the most good to the most people. This philosophy sought to change morals and ethics to focus of the benefit of actions to society.
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