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Example Questions
Example Question #141 : Ap Physics 2
A light ray traveling through a medium is reflected by a second medium at an angle of 20⁰ to the interface between the two media. Which of the following is true?
The angle of reflection is 70o
The frequency of the light wave is greater upon reflection
The refractive index of the second medium is equal to sin(20⁰)
The refractive indices of the media must be equal
The angle of reflection is 70o
The angle of reflection is the angle between the reflected light ray and a line perpendicular to the interface between the two media. The angle of reflection must be complementary to 20o.
90o – 20o = 70⁰
Example Question #1 : General Principles And Properties
An incandescent light bulb is shown through a glass prism. The certain wavlength of the light is then directed into a glass cuvette containing an unknown concentration of protein. Commonly, this process is called spectroscopy and is used to determine the concentrations of DNA, RNA, and proteins in solutions. The indices of reflection of air, glass, and the solution are 1, 1.5, and 1.3, respectively.
The process of light entering glass from the air is called __________.
refraction
absorption
diffraction
reflection
refraction
This question is asking us about the different processes that can happen to light upon hitting a surface. Thinking back to the properties of light, we know that absorption, reflection, and refraction are all processes that light can undergo when interacting with a surface.
Absorption means that the energy associated with the light is captured, and no photons are ejected from the surface after the collision of the incident photon and the surface. Reflection occurs when no light enters the new medium and instead bounces off at the angle to normal that it hit. Refraction occurs when some light enters the new medium. In this case, light is entering glass from the air; thus, the process we are concerned about is refraction.
Example Question #1 : General Principles And Properties
Sound projected from an opera stage strikes a flat wall in the opera house at an angle to the normal. What conclusion can be drawn about the reflection of this sound from the wall back into the room?
The reflection will be to the same side of the normal
The reflection will be to the opposite side of the normal
The reflection will be to the same side of the normal
The reflection will be to the opposite side of the normal
The reflection will be to the opposite side of the normal
The reflection will be to the opposite side of the normal
For all waves, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. The projection is to the opposite side of the normal at the same angle as the incident wave.
Think of the wall as a mirror. The angle with which the wave impacts a mirror will be equal to the angle with which it is reflected, but mirrored across the normal.
Example Question #17 : Optics
Glass has an index of refraction of roughly . How much time would it take for light to pass through this glass if it were
thick?
Since the index of refraction is 1.5, we can determine the speed of light in the glass using the following equation:
Rearranged to solve for velocity:
Once the speed of light in the glass is known, we can use this quantity to determine how long it will take for the light to travel the width of the glass .
Example Question #1 : Velocity And Index Of Refraction
An incandescent light bulb is shown through a glass prism. The certain wavlength of the light is then directed into a glass cuvette containing an unknown concentration of protein. Commonly, this process is called spectroscopy and is used to determine the concentrations of DNA, RNA, and proteins in solutions. The indices of reflection of air, glass, and the solution are 1, 1.5, and 1.3, respectively.
The velocity of the light __________ when it moves from air to glass.
decreases
cannot be determined
remains the same
increases
decreases
This question asks us to consider the relationship between velocity and index of refraction of a medium. If we think back to the definition of index of refraction, we know that it is defined by the ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum and the velocity of light in some other medium.
n is the index of refraction, c is the speed of light in a vacuum, and v is the speed of light in the new medium.
We can see that n and v are inversely proportional, meaning that the higher the n, the lower the velocity. As the light moved from air (n =1) to glass (n = 1.5), the n increased, and thus the velocity must decrease because the speed of light in a vacuum is constant.
Example Question #2 : Velocity And Index Of Refraction
An incandescent light bulb is shown through a glass prism. The certain wavlength of the light is then directed into a glass cuvette containing an unknown concentration of protein. Commonly, this process is called spectroscopy and is used to determine the concentrations of DNA, RNA, and proteins in solutions. The indices of reflection of air, glass, and the solution are 1, 1.5, and 1.3, respectively.
As light exits from the wall of the cuvette into the solution, its wavelength __________.
cannot be determined
decreases
increases
remains the same
increases
This question asks us to find the relationship between the wavelength and index of refraction. We will need to know two equations to compute the relationship between the two.
First, we need to relate velocity and index of refraction. The definition of index of refraction allows us to relate the two.
We also know the relationship between velocity and wavelength.
We can now set these formulas equal to each other to find the relationship between wavelength and index of refraction.
We can see that and n are inversely related. If n decreases, the wavelength must increase. In our problem, light in moving from a higher index of refraction to a lower one, meaning the wavelength gets longer (increases).
Example Question #1 : Velocity And Index Of Refraction
How long will it take a photon to travel through mineral oil?
The index of refraction is equal to the speed of light in a medium divided by the speed of light in a vacuum.
We can find the time to travel a given distance by manipulating this equation and combining it with the equation for rate: .
Plug in the given values and solve for the velocity in the medium.
Now we can return to the rate equation and solve for the time to travel .
We can recognize that the answer can be simplified by converting to nanoseconds.
Example Question #4 : Velocity And Index Of Refraction
The refractive index of medium A is 1.2, while that of medium B is 1.36. Through which medium does light travel faster and at what speed does it travel?
The speed of light is .
Medium B at velocity
Medium B at velocity
Medium A at velocity
The speed of light will be in either medium
Medium A at velocity
Medium A at velocity
The refractive index of a medium (n) is equal to the speed of light (c) divided by the velocity of light through the medium (v).
Rearranging the equation allows us to see the relationship regarding v.
The lower the refractive index, the faster the velocity of light. Medium A has the smaller refractive index. Light will travel faster through medium A at a velocity equal to the speed of light divided by the refractive index.
Example Question #1 : Velocity And Index Of Refraction
Which of the following does not take place when a light wave travels from a medium with a high index of refraction into one with a lower index of refraction?
The light ray bends away from the normal line
Frequency increases
Wavelength increases
The refracted light remains in phase with the incident wave
Velocity increases
Frequency increases
As the wave travels into the less dense medium, it speeds up, bending away from the normal line. The index of refraction tells the ratio of the velocity in a vacuum in relation to the velocity the medium; thus, the velocity will be greater in a medium with a lower index of refraction.
Frequency remains the same regardless of medium, however, since the velocity changes, the wavelength must accommodate this change.
If velocity increases and frequency remains constant, wavelength must also increase.
Finally, a phase shift only occurs when a light ray reflects from the surface of a more dense medium.
Example Question #1 : Velocity And Index Of Refraction
What is the index of refraction for a material in which light travels at ?
Such a material does not exist, since the speed of light is constant
Relevant equations:
To find index of refraction, divide the speed of light in a vacuum by the speed of light in the material:
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