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College Chemistry : Isotopes

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Example Questions

Example Question #1 : Atoms And Elements

Isotopes differ in the number of __________.

Possible Answers:

electrons

covalent bonds

protons

neutrons

lone pairs

Correct answer:

neutrons

Explanation:

By definition, isotopes of a given element have the same number of protons and electrons, but differ in the number of neutrons. This causes a difference in the mass number (protons + neutrons) as well. Neither the number of protons nor the number of electrons changes with different isotopes of the same element.

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Example Question #2 : Isotopes

Which of the following is not an isotope of hydrogen?

Possible Answers:

Protium

Quatrium

Deuterium

Tritium

Correct answer:

Quatrium

Explanation:

Isotopes are versions of an element with different numbers of neutrons. Hydrogen has three naturally occurring isotopes. $_{1}^{1}H$ $\displaystyle _{1}^{1}H$, sometimes called protium, contains one electron, one proton, and no neutrons. $^{_{1}^{2}}H$ $\displaystyle ^{_{1}^{2}}H$, called deuterium, contains one electron, one proton, and one neutron. $_{1}^{3}H$ $\displaystyle _{1}^{3}H$, called tritium, contains one electron, one proton, and two neutrons. Hydrogen has no such isotope that contains three neutrons.

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Example Question #61 : Introductory Topics

Chromium has four naturally occurring isotopes. $^{50}Cr$ $\displaystyle ^{50}Cr$ has a mass of $\displaystyle 49.95amu$ and an abundance of $4.35\%$ $\displaystyle 4.35\%$. $^{52}Cr$ $\displaystyle ^{52}Cr$ has a mass of $\displaystyle 51.94amu$ and an abundance of $83.79\%$ $\displaystyle 83.79\%$. $^{53}Cr$ $\displaystyle ^{53}Cr$ has a mass of $\displaystyle 52.94amu$ and an abundance of $9.50\%$ $\displaystyle 9.50\%$. $^{54}Cr$ $\displaystyle ^{54}Cr$ has a mass of $\displaystyle 53.94amu$ and an abundance of $2.36\%$ $\displaystyle 2.36\%$.

Using this information, estimate the atomic mass of chromium, in atomic mass units.

Possible Answers:

52.911 $\displaystyle 52.911$

51.087 $\displaystyle 51.087$

51.996 $\displaystyle 51.996$

52.006 $\displaystyle 52.006$

Correct answer:

51.996 $\displaystyle 51.996$

Explanation:

In order to find the molar mass of an atom from its isotopes and their natural abundances, use the following equation:

$\text{Atomic Mass}=\Sigma (\text{fraction of isotope})(\text{mass of isotope})$ $\displaystyle \text{Atomic Mass}=\Sigma (\text{fraction of isotope})(\text{mass of isotope})$ for all the given isotopes.

Since chromium has four isotopes, we will write the following equation to find its atomic mass:

$\text{Atomic Mass of Chromium}=(0.0435\times 49.95)+(0.8379 \times 51.94)+(0.095\times 52.94)+(0.0236\times 53.94)=51.996amu$ $\displaystyle \text{Atomic Mass of Chromium}=(0.0435\times 49.95)+(0.8379 \times 51.94)+(0.095\times 52.94)+(0.0236\times 53.94)=51.996amu$

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Example Question #3 : Isotopes

Isotopes of a given element differ in the number of __________.

Possible Answers:

Photons

Electrons

Protons

Neutrons

Correct answer:

Neutrons

Explanation:

Each element is defined by the number of protons its atoms contain. For example, hydrogen has one proton, helium has two protons, and lithium has three protons. Each element also has a characteristic number of neutrons. For example, hydrogen has zero neutrons, helium has two neutrons, and lithium has four neutrons.

Some elements, however, also have different "versions" of themselves: atoms which have a different number of neutrons, called isotopes. For example, there are three isotopes of hydrogen. $_{1}^{1}H$ $\displaystyle _{1}^{1}H$ has one proton and zero neutrons. $_{1}^{2}H$ $\displaystyle _{1}^{2}H$ has one proton and one neutron. Lastly, $_{1}^{3}H$ $\displaystyle _{1}^{3}H$ has one proton and two neutrons. Carbon is another such element that has different isotopes.

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College Chemistry : Isotopes

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for College Chemistry

All College Chemistry Resources

Example Questions

Example Question #1 : Atoms And Elements

Example Question #2 : Isotopes

Example Question #61 : Introductory Topics

Example Question #3 : Isotopes

All College Chemistry Resources

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