GMAT Math : Arithmetic

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Example Questions

Example Question #1 : Arithmetic

Is $\dpi{100} \small x+y$ odd?

(1) $\dpi{100} \small x$ is odd

(2) $\dpi{100} \small x-y$ is even

Possible Answers:

EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.

Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.

Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.

Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.

Correct answer:

Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.

Explanation:

For statement (1), we only know that $\dpi{100} \small x$ is odd but we have no idea about $\dpi{100} \small y$ . If $\dpi{100} \small y$ is odd, then $\dpi{100} \small x+y$ is even. If $\dpi{100} \small y$ is even, then $\dpi{100} \small x+y$ is odd. Therefore we have no clear answer to the question using this condition. For statement (2), since $\dpi{100} \small x-y$ is even, we know that $\dpi{100} \small x$ and $\dpi{100} \small y$ are either both odd or both even, therefore we know for sure that $\dpi{100} \small x+y$ is even and the answer to this question is “no”.

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Example Question #981 : Data Sufficiency Questions

If is an integer and $\dpi{100} \small 3<k<7$ , what is the value of ?

(1) $\dpi{100} \small k$ is a factor of 20.

(2) $\dpi{100} \small k$ is a factor of 24.

Possible Answers:

Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.

Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.

Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.

EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.

Correct answer:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.

Explanation:

From statement (1), we know that the possible value of $\dpi{100} \small k$ would be 4 and 5. From statement (2), we know that the possible value of $\dpi{100} \small k$ would be 4 and 6. Putting the two statements together, we know that only $\dpi{100} \small k=4$ satisfies both conditions. Therefore both statements together are sufficient.

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Example Question #1 : Arithmetic

If is a positive integer, is divisible by 6?

1. The sum of the digits of is divisible by 6

2. is even

Possible Answers:

Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.

Statement (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the question asked, and additional data are needed.

EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.

Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.

Correct answer:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.

Explanation:

Statement 1: Numbers whose digits sum to a number divisible by 3 are divisible by 3, but the same does not apply to sums of 6. This indicates that is divisble by 3 but is not sufficient at proving is divisible by 6.

Statement 2: Though all multiples of 6 are even, not all even numbers are multiples of 6.

Together: The fact that is a multiple of 3 and even is sufficient evidence for the conclusion that x is divisible by 6.

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Example Question #2 : Properties Of Integers

Is positive, negative, or zero?

1) $\small x^{3}$ is positive.

2) $\small x^{4}$ is positive.

Possible Answers:

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient, but Statement 2 alone is not sufficient.

Statements 1 and 2 TOGETHER are not sufficient.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but neither statement ALONE is sufficient.

EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient, but Statement 1 alone is not sufficient.

Correct answer:

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient, but Statement 2 alone is not sufficient.

Explanation:

raised to an odd power must have the same sign as , so, if $\small x^{3}$ is positive, then is also positive. But either a positive number or a negative number raised to an even power must be positive. Therefore, $\small \small x^{4}$ being positive is inconclusive.

Therefore, the correct choice is that Statement 1, but not Statement 2, is sufficient.

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Example Question #2 : Arithmetic

The greatest common factor of 32 and a number is 16. What is ?

1) 3 is also a factor of .

2) 5 is also a factor of .

Possible Answers:

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is not sufficient.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is not sufficient.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

EITHER Statement 1 or Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

That cannot be determined, even if both statements are known to be true, can be proved by demonstrating two examples of that fit these conditions. We can do this by comparing the prime factorizations of 32 and .

Example: B = 240

To find GCF (32, 240) :

$32 = 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 2$

$240 = 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 \cdot 5$

$GCF (32, 240) = 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 2 = 16$

Example: B = 720

To find GCF (32, 720) :

$32 = 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 2$

$720 = 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 \cdot 3 \cdot 5$

$GCF (32, 720) = 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 2 = 16$

In each case, 3 and 5 are factors of , and in each case, $\small GCF (32, B) = 16$ .

The answer is that both statements together are insufficient.

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Example Question #4 : Arithmetic

What is the area of a rhombus in square inches?

1) One of its angles measures $30^\circ$

2) One of its sides measures 10 inches

Possible Answers:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

EITHER Statement 1 or Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is not sufficient.

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is not sufficient.

Correct answer:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

As is true of any other parallelogram, the area of the rhombus is the base multiplied by the height. The common sidelength alone can be used to determine the base, but without the angles, the height cannot be determined. Using trigonometry, the angle can be used to determine the height relative to the base, but without the base, the height is unknown.

If we know both of the given statements, then part of one base, an altitude from an endpoint of the opposite base, and one adjacent side form a 30-60-90 triangle. The hypotenuse of that triangle is 10 inches, and the altitude is half that, or 5 inches. This makes the area 50 square inches.

The answer is that both statements together are sufficient to answer the question, but neither statement alone.

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Example Question #1 : Arithmetic

Data Sufficiency Question

Out of 100 students, 60 took French and 25 took German. How many students took neither?

1. 15 students took Spanish

2. 7 students took both French and German

Possible Answers:

statements 1 and 2 together are not sufficient, and additional data is needed to answer the question

statement 1 alone is sufficient, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient to answer the question

statement 2 alone is sufficient, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient to answer the question

both statements taken together are sufficient to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient

each statement alone is sufficient

Correct answer:

statement 2 alone is sufficient, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient to answer the question

Explanation:

Statement 1 does not tell us anything about the number of students taking French or German. The information from statement 2 is sufficient, if 60 took French, 25 took German, and 7 took both, we can calculate the number that took neither.

100-(60+25-7)=23

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Example Question #2 : Arithmetic

If and are both integers, evaluate x+y .

Statement 1: 13 < x < y < 23 .

Statement 2: and are both prime integers.

Possible Answers:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

There are infinitely many primes, and several integers between 13 and 23, so knowing just one of these statements is not enough. But only two integers in the stated range - 17 and 19 - are prime, so knowing both statements tells you that and are 17 and 19, respectively. Subsequently, you can add them to get 36.

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Example Question #2 : Arithmetic

If a positive integer is divided by 2, what is the remainder?

Statement 1: If $N^{2 }$ is divided by 2, the remainder is 1.

Statement 2: If is divided by 4, the remainder is 3.

Possible Answers:

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

The question is the same as asking whether is odd or even.

Statement 1 says that the square of is odd. If we know this, then we know that is odd, since the square of an even number is even.

Statement 2 says that is 3 greater than a multiple of 4; this makes odd.

Therefore, either statement alone tells us that is an odd number.

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Example Question #6 : Properties Of Integers

What is the last digit of a positive integer ?

Statement 1: The last digit of $N^{2}$ is 1.

Statement 2: The last digit of $N^{3}$ is 1.

Possible Answers:

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question.

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

If the last digit of $N^{2}$ is 1, then the last digit of is either 1 or 9.

If the last digit of $N^{3}$ is 1, however, the last digit of must be 1.

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GMAT Math : Arithmetic

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for GMAT Math

All GMAT Math Resources

Example Questions

Example Question #1 : Arithmetic

Example Question #981 : Data Sufficiency Questions

Example Question #1 : Arithmetic

Example Question #2 : Properties Of Integers

Example Question #2 : Arithmetic

Example Question #4 : Arithmetic

Example Question #1 : Arithmetic

Example Question #2 : Arithmetic

Example Question #2 : Arithmetic

Example Question #6 : Properties Of Integers

All GMAT Math Resources

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