SAT II Chemistry : Reactions and Equilibrium

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for SAT II Chemistry

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Example Questions

Example Question #1 : Identifying And Defining Acids And Bases

Which of the following cannot act as a Bronsted-Lowry base (proton recipient) in aqueous solution?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

 cannot receive another proton  because then it would become , which does not exist. All of the other answer choices are fine:

Example Question #1 : P H

A scientist makes a solution by adding 0.2 grams of  to enough water so that the resulting solution has a volume of 10 liters. What, approximately, is the pH of this solution?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

 has a molar mass of approximately 40 g/mol, meaning that there is 0.01 mol of it in the solution. Sodium hydroxide is a strong base and completely dissociates in water. Its concentration in the solution is  . This means that the concentration of  ions is  and . Thus, the pH of the solution is 11.

Example Question #1 : Oxidation Reduction Reactions

What is the oxidation number of nitrogen in ?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

First, note that the molecule does not have a charge, meaning that the oxidation numbers of each atom must add up to zero. Hydrogen has an oxidation number of  and oxygen has an oxidation number of . Thus, if we call the oxidation number of nitrogen , we can get the equation . Solving this gives , so the oxidation number of nitrogen is  in this molecule.

Example Question #1 : Reaction Types

The following is a modified true/false question. In it, you must decide if each individual statement is true (T) or false (F). If both are true, then you must also decide if the second statement is a correct explanation (CE) of the first statement.

I: An  ion would undergo reduction to form  metal

BECAUSE

II: reduction is a loss of electrons

Possible Answers:

T, T (Statement II is not a correct explanation of Statement I)

T, T, CE

F, T

F, F

T, F

Correct answer:

T, F

Explanation:

Statement II is false: reduction is a gain of electrons. Looking at statement I, the ion's charge would decrease by 3 in becoming a metal, which suggests that the ion gains 3 electrons. Thus, it is undergoing reduction.

Example Question #1 : Chemical Equilibrium

What is an expression for the equilibrium constant for the above equation?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

The formula for the equilibrium constant is the product of the concentration of the products divided by the product of the concentration of the reactants. Since none of the reactants or products have coefficients, no exponents are needed in the expression. The phases do not affect the equilibrium constant in this example.

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