SAT Math : How to use the inverse variation formula

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for SAT Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #11 : Variables

The square of \displaystyle x varies inversely with the cube of \displaystyle y. If \displaystyle x=8 when \displaystyle y=8, then what is the value of \displaystyle y when \displaystyle x=1

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 2

\displaystyle 2^{15}

\displaystyle 64

\displaystyle 8^5

\displaystyle 32

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 32

Explanation:

When two quantities vary inversely, their products are always equal to a constant, which we can call k. If the square of x and the cube of y vary inversely, this means that the product of the square of x and the cube of y will equal k. We can represent the square of x as x2 and the cube of y as y3. Now, we can write the equation for inverse variation.

x2y3 = k

We are told that when x = 8, y = 8. We can substitute these values into our equation for inverse variation and then solve for k.

82(83) = k

k = 82(83)

Because this will probably be a large number, it might help just to keep it in exponent form. Let's apply the property of exponents which says that abac = ab+c.

k = 82(83) = 82+3 = 85.

Next, we must find the value of y when x = 1. Let's use our equation for inverse variation equation, substituting 85 in for k.

x2y3 = 85

(1)2y3 = 85

y3 = 85

In order to solve this, we will have to take a cube root. Thus, it will help to rewrite 8 as the cube of 2, or 23.

y3 = (23)5

We can now apply the property of exponents that states that (ab)c = abc.

y3 = 23•5 = 215 

In order to get y by itself, we will have the raise each side of the equation to the 1/3 power.

(y3)(1/3) = (215)(1/3)

Once again, let's apply the property (ab)c = abc.

y(3 • 1/3) = 2(15 • 1/3)

y = 25 = 32

The answer is 32. 

Example Question #5 : Direct And Inverse Variation

\displaystyle x varies directly as \displaystyle A and inversely as \displaystyle y.

\displaystyle z = y ^{2} and \displaystyle B = \sqrt{A}.

Which of the following is true about \displaystyle z?

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle z varies directly as both the square root of \displaystyle x and the fourth root of \displaystyle B.

\displaystyle z varies directly as the square root of \displaystyle x and inversely as the fourth root of \displaystyle B.

\displaystyle z varies inversely as the square root of \displaystyle x and directly as the fourth root of \displaystyle B.

\displaystyle z varies inversely as the square of \displaystyle x and directly as the fourth power of \displaystyle B.

\displaystyle z varies directly as the square of \displaystyle x and inversely as the fourth power of \displaystyle B.

Correct answer:

\displaystyle z varies inversely as the square of \displaystyle x and directly as the fourth power of \displaystyle B.

Explanation:

\displaystyle x varies directly as \displaystyle A and inversely as \displaystyle y, so for some constant of variation \displaystyle K,

\displaystyle \frac{xy}{A} =K.

We can square both sides to obtain:

\displaystyle \left (\frac{xy}{A} \right ) ^{2}=K^{2}

\displaystyle \frac{x^{2}y^{2}}{A^{2}}= K^{2}

\displaystyle z = y ^{2}.

\displaystyle B = \sqrt{A}, so \displaystyle B^{4} =\left ( \sqrt{A} \right )^{4} = A^{2}.

By substitution,

\displaystyle \frac{x^{2}z}{B^{4}}= K^{2}.

Using \displaystyle K^{2} as the constant of variation, we see that \displaystyle z varies inversely as the square of \displaystyle x and  directly as the fourth power of \displaystyle B.

 

Example Question #6 : Direct And Inverse Variation

The radius of the base of a cylinder is \displaystyle r; the height of the same cylinder is \displaystyle h; the cylinder has volume 1,000.

\displaystyle t = \sqrt{r}

\displaystyle v = \sqrt[4]{h}

Which of the following is a true statement?

Assume all quantities are positive.

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle t varies inversely as the square root of \displaystyle v.

\displaystyle t varies directly as the square of \displaystyle v.

\displaystyle t varies inversely as \displaystyle v.

\displaystyle t varies dorectly as the square root of \displaystyle v.

\displaystyle t varies inversely as the square of \displaystyle v.

Correct answer:

\displaystyle t varies inversely as \displaystyle v.

Explanation:

The volume of a cylinder can be calculated from its height and the radius of its base using the formula:

\displaystyle \pi r^{2} h = V

\displaystyle t = \sqrt{r}, so \displaystyle t ^{2}= r;

\displaystyle v = \sqrt[4]{h}, so \displaystyle h = v^{4}.

The volume is 1,000, and by substitution, using the other equations:

\displaystyle \pi (t^{2})^{2} v^{4} = 1,000

\displaystyle \pi t^{4} v^{4} = 1,000

\displaystyle \frac{\pi t^{4} v^{4}}{\pi} = \frac{1,000}{\pi}

\displaystyle t^{4} v^{4} = \frac{1,000}{\pi}

\displaystyle \sqrt[4]{t^{4} v^{4} }= \sqrt[4]{\frac{1,000}{\pi}}

\displaystyle tv= \sqrt[4]{\frac{1,000}{\pi}}

If we take \displaystyle K= \sqrt[4]{\frac{1,000}{\pi}}as the constant of variation, we get

\displaystyle tv=K,

meaning that \displaystyle t varies inversely as \displaystyle v.

 

 

Example Question #361 : Algebra

\displaystyle s varies directly as the square of \displaystyle y and the cube root of \displaystyle t, and inversely as the fourth root of \displaystyle w. Which of the following is a true statement?

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle y varies directly as the square root of \displaystyle s and the eighth root of \displaystyle w, and inversely as the sixth power of \displaystyle t.

\displaystyle y varies directly as the square root of \displaystyle s, and inversely as the eighth power of \displaystyle w and the sixth power of \displaystyle t.

\displaystyle y varies directly as the square root of \displaystyle s and the eighth power of \displaystyle w, and inversely as the sixth root of \displaystyle t.

\displaystyle y varies directly as the square root of \displaystyle s and the eighth root of \displaystyle w, and inversely as the sixth root of \displaystyle t.

\displaystyle y varies directly as the square root of \displaystyle s, and inversely as the eighth root of \displaystyle w and the sixth root of \displaystyle t.

Correct answer:

\displaystyle y varies directly as the square root of \displaystyle s and the eighth root of \displaystyle w, and inversely as the sixth root of \displaystyle t.

Explanation:

\displaystyle s varies directly as the square of \displaystyle y and the cube root of \displaystyle t, and inversely as the fourth root of \displaystyle w, so, for some constant of variation \displaystyle K,

\displaystyle \frac{s \sqrt[4]{w}}{y^{2}\sqrt[3]{t}} = K

We take the reciprocal of both sides, then extract the square root:

\displaystyle \frac{y^{2}\sqrt[3]{t}}{s \sqrt[4]{w}} =\frac{1} { K}

\displaystyle \frac{y^{2}t^{\frac{1}{3}}}{s w ^{\frac{1}{4}}} =\frac{1} { K}

\displaystyle \left ( \frac{y^{2}t^{\frac{1}{3}}}{s w ^{\frac{1}{4}}} \right )^{\frac{1}{2}} =\left (\frac{1} { K} \right )^{\frac{1}{2}}

\displaystyle \frac{y t^{\frac{1}{6}}}{s ^{\frac{1}{2}} w ^{\frac{1}{8}}}=\left (\frac{1} { K} \right )^{\frac{1}{2}}

\displaystyle \frac{y\sqrt[6]{t}}{\sqrt{s} \cdot \sqrt[8]{w}}=\left (\frac{1} { K} \right )^{\frac{1}{2}}

Taking \displaystyle \left (\frac{1} { K} \right )^{\frac{1}{2}}as the constant of variation, we see that \displaystyle y varies directly as the square root of \displaystyle s and the eighth root of \displaystyle w, and inversely as the sixth root of \displaystyle t.

Example Question #1 : New Sat Math Calculator

If \displaystyle y varies inversely as \displaystyle x, and \displaystyle y=14 when \displaystyle x=3, find \displaystyle y when \displaystyle x=28.

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle \frac{4}{7}

\displaystyle 1\frac{1}{2}

\displaystyle 1 \frac{5}{7}

\displaystyle 37 \frac{1}{3}

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 1\frac{1}{2}

Explanation:

The formula for inverse variation is as follows: \displaystyle y=\frac{k}{x}

Use the x and y values from the first part of the sentence to find k. 

\displaystyle 14=\frac{k}{3}

\displaystyle k=42

Then use that k value and the given x value to find y.

\displaystyle y=\frac{42}{28}

\displaystyle y=1\frac{1}{2}

 

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