Electric power is expressed in a number of ways. We will need to use the relationship that involves current and resistance:

We are given the current and resistance, allowing us to calculate the power.

The power consumed by a capacitor is given by

After finding power, we can calculate the energy used as we are told that the capacitor took 5 seconds to charge. The units of power are watts which can be further broken down into joules per second. By multiplying the time taken to charge the capacitor by the power, we can find the total energy required to charge the capacitor.

The brightness of each bulb depends on its power, or how much energy it dissipates per unit time. This can be calculated using the equation:

If the bulbs are in parallel with each other, the bulb with lower resistance will receive more current, since current will tend toward the path of least resistance. Current is squared in the power equation, so it is of greater importance in determining the power. The bulb with greater current and lower resistance will thus have more power and will shine more brightly.

This question asks us about the power of the circuit, meaning the amount of energy per unit time. The power equation is P = IV. V = IR can be substituted in to allow P to be calculated from a number of parameters.

P = IV = I²R = V²/R

To solve for P, we first need the current supplied by the battery.

We can use the formula V = IR because we have the voltage drop across the circuit (9V) and can calculate the equivalent resistance.

By taking the inverse of the equation, we can see that R_A4 is equal to 2Ω.

R_eq = R_A4 + R₁ = 2Ω + 2Ω = 4Ω

Now, using V=IR, we can solve for the current.

V = IR

I = V/R = 9V/4Ω = 2.25A

Now, we can use the current we calculated and the voltage that is dissipated across the circuit to calculate the power.

P = IV = (2.25 A)(9V) = 20.25W

The formula we can use here is the power formula that involved both resistance and voltage:

We are given the voltage and power, allowing us to solve for the resistance.

Alternative current (AC) voltage is governed by the RMS (root-mean square) voltage law. This means that the RMS voltage of the circuit will be , but the actual voltage will fluctuate between two values. These values are determined by the equation:

Using the values from our question, we can find the maximum voltage value.

Remember that internal resistance lowers the EMF of the battery. We need to calculate the voltage drop that would occur inside the battery, and then subtract that from the “stated” voltage to determine the terminal potential of the battery.

We first need the current supplied by the battery. We can use the formula V = IR because we have the voltage drop across the circuit (9V) and can calculate the equivalent resistance.

By taking the inverse of the equation, we can see that R_A4 is equal to 2Ω.

R_eq = R_A4 + R₁ = 2Ω + 2Ω = 4Ω

Now, using V=IR, we can find the current in the circuit.

V = IR

I = V/R = 9V/4Ω = 2.25A

Plugging in this value with the internal resistance of the battery gives us the voltage decrease.

V = IR = (2.25A)(0.9Ω) = 2.025V

Terminal Potential = 9V – 2.025V = 6.975V

As we can see, battery companies are interested in keeping the internal resistance of batteries at a minimum, because it lowers the overall terminal potential of the battery.

For this question we need to know that the voltage drop is equal through all paths of a parallel circuit; therefore we can realize that the voltage drop through both resistors are independent of each other. The current through resistor A will decrease with the removal of resistor B. Electrons want to travel through the path of least resistance.

Given that resistor R = 2 Ω, we can see that the parallel aspect of the circuit has a resistance of 2 Ω as a whole, which means the total effective resistance of the circuit is 4 Ω. The potential difference drops 2V over the first resistor, then 2 V through the parallel aspect of the circuit. Potential difference, or voltage, drops through an equal amount in all branches of resistors in parallel. Therefore the remaining 2 V of potential difference is dropped by electrons moving through both branches of the parallel resistor, and the voltage drop through the 4 Ω resistor is 2V.

Given that

V(q) = U

When V is voltage, U is electrical potential energy and q is charge, we can solve by plugging in 4 for V and -2 for q. Also, we must understand that the electric potential energy of a particle decreases as it moves from an area of higher energy to one of lower energy. For an electron, it has higher energy in the negative terminal of the battery than it does in when getting to the positive terminal.