SAT Math : Expressions

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for SAT Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #31 : Expressions

Simplify the expression.

\(\displaystyle \frac{x}{2x+4}+\frac{x}{x+2}\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle \frac{x}{x+2}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{2x}{3x+6}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{3x}{2x+4}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{1}{2x+4}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{x+1}{2x+4}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle \frac{3x}{2x+4}\)

Explanation:

To add rational expressions, first find the least common denominator. Because the denominator of the first fraction factors to 2(x+2), it is clear that this is the common denominator. Therefore, multiply the numerator and denominator of the second fraction by 2.

\(\displaystyle \frac{x}{2x+4}+\frac{x}{x+2}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{x}{2x+4}+\frac{(2)x}{(2)(x+2)}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{x}{2x+4}+\frac{2x}{2x+4}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{3x}{2x+4}\)

This is the most simplified version of the rational expression.

 

Example Question #1 : Rational Expressions

Simplify the following:

\(\displaystyle \frac{x+3}{x-2}+\frac{x-2}{x+3}\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 2\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{(x+3)^2+(x-2)^2}{(x+3)(x-2)}\)

\(\displaystyle 2x^2-4x+4\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{2(x+3)(x-2)}{(x+3)(x-2)}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle \frac{(x+3)^2+(x-2)^2}{(x+3)(x-2)}\)

Explanation:

To simplify the following, a common denominator must be achieved. In this case, the first term must be multiplied by (x+2) in both the numerator and denominator and likewise with the second term with (x-3).

\(\displaystyle \frac{(x+3)(x+3)}{(x-2)(x+3)}+\frac{(x-2)(x-2)}{(x+3)(x-2)}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{(x+3)^2+(x-2)^2}{(x+3)(x-2)}\)

Example Question #1 : Expressions

If √(ab) = 8, and a= b, what is a?

Possible Answers:

16

64

2

4

10

Correct answer:

4

Explanation:

If we plug in a2 for b in the radical expression, we get √(a3) = 8. This can be rewritten as a3/2 = 8. Thus, loga 8 = 3/2. Plugging in the answer choices gives 4 as the correct answer. 

Example Question #12 : Rational Expressions

Function_part1

 

Possible Answers:

–11/5

37/15

–9/5

–37/15

9/5

Correct answer:

–11/5

Explanation:

Fraction_part2

Fraction_part3

Example Question #2 : Expressions

If Jill walks \(\displaystyle 100\:\text{ft}\) in \(\displaystyle 20\:\sec\), how long will it take Jill to walk \(\displaystyle 1500\:\text{ft}\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 100\sec\)

\(\displaystyle 400\sec\)

\(\displaystyle 300\sec\)

\(\displaystyle 30\sec\)

\(\displaystyle 200\sec\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 300\sec\)

Explanation:

To solve this, we need to set a proportion.

\(\displaystyle \frac{100\:\text{ft}}{20\sec}=\frac{1500\:\text{ft}}{x}\)

Cross Multiply

\(\displaystyle 100\cdot x=1500\cdot 20\)

\(\displaystyle x=\frac{30000}{100}=300\)

So it will take Jill \(\displaystyle 300 \sec\) to walk \(\displaystyle 1500\: \text{ft}\)

Example Question #3 : Expressions

If \(\displaystyle \frac{b+c}{c}=\frac{14}{15}\), then which of the following must be also true? 

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle \frac{b}{c}=10\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{b}{c}=\frac{7}{10}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{b}{c}=1\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{b}{c}=-\frac{1}{15}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle \frac{b}{c}=-\frac{1}{15}\)

Explanation:

\(\displaystyle \frac{b+c}{c}=\frac{14}{15}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{c}=\frac{14}{15}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{b}{c}+1=\frac{14}{15}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{b}{c}+1\ {\color{Red} -1}=\frac{14}{15}\ {\color{Red} -1}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{b}{c}=\frac{14}{15}-\frac{15}{15}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{b}{c}=-\frac{1}{15}\)

Example Question #4 : Expressions

Which of the following is equivalent to \dpi{100} \frac{(\frac{1}{t}-\frac{1}{x})}{x-t}\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \frac{(\frac{1}{t}-\frac{1}{x})}{x-t}\) ? Assume that denominators are always nonzero.

Possible Answers:

(xt)^{-1}\(\displaystyle (xt)^{-1}\)

x-t\(\displaystyle x-t\)

t-x\(\displaystyle t-x\)

\frac{x}{t}\(\displaystyle \frac{x}{t}\)

x^{2}-t^{2}\(\displaystyle x^{2}-t^{2}\)

Correct answer:

(xt)^{-1}\(\displaystyle (xt)^{-1}\)

Explanation:

We will need to simplify the expression \frac{(\frac{1}{t}-\frac{1}{x})}{x-t}\(\displaystyle \frac{(\frac{1}{t}-\frac{1}{x})}{x-t}\). We can think of this as a large fraction with a numerator of \frac{1}{t}-\frac{1}{x}\(\displaystyle \frac{1}{t}-\frac{1}{x}\) and a denominator of \dpi{100} x-t\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} x-t\).

In order to simplify the numerator, we will need to combine the two fractions. When adding or subtracting fractions, we must have a common denominator. \frac{1}{t}\(\displaystyle \frac{1}{t}\) has a denominator of \dpi{100} t\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} t\), and \dpi{100} -\frac{1}{x}\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} -\frac{1}{x}\) has a denominator of \dpi{100} x\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} x\). The least common denominator that these two fractions have in common is \dpi{100} xt\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} xt\). Thus, we are going to write equivalent fractions with denominators of \dpi{100} xt\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} xt\).

In order to convert the fraction \dpi{100} \frac{1}{t}\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \frac{1}{t}\) to a denominator with \dpi{100} xt\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} xt\), we will need to multiply the top and bottom by \dpi{100} x\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} x\).

\frac{1}{t}=\frac{1\cdot x}{t\cdot x}=\frac{x}{xt}\(\displaystyle \frac{1}{t}=\frac{1\cdot x}{t\cdot x}=\frac{x}{xt}\)

Similarly, we will multiply the top and bottom of \dpi{100} -\frac{1}{x}\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} -\frac{1}{x}\) by \dpi{100} t\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} t\).

\frac{1}{x}=\frac{1\cdot t}{x\cdot t}=\frac{t}{xt}\(\displaystyle \frac{1}{x}=\frac{1\cdot t}{x\cdot t}=\frac{t}{xt}\)

We can now rewrite \frac{1}{t}-\frac{1}{x}\(\displaystyle \frac{1}{t}-\frac{1}{x}\) as follows:

\frac{1}{t}-\frac{1}{x}\(\displaystyle \frac{1}{t}-\frac{1}{x}\) = \frac{x}{xt}-\frac{t}{xt}=\frac{x-t}{xt}\(\displaystyle \frac{x}{xt}-\frac{t}{xt}=\frac{x-t}{xt}\)

Let's go back to the original fraction \frac{(\frac{1}{t}-\frac{1}{x})}{x-t}\(\displaystyle \frac{(\frac{1}{t}-\frac{1}{x})}{x-t}\). We will now rewrite the numerator:

\frac{(\frac{1}{t}-\frac{1}{x})}{x-t}\(\displaystyle \frac{(\frac{1}{t}-\frac{1}{x})}{x-t}\) = \frac{\frac{x-t}{xt}}{x-t}\(\displaystyle \frac{\frac{x-t}{xt}}{x-t}\)

To simplify this further, we can think of \frac{\frac{x-t}{xt}}{x-t}\(\displaystyle \frac{\frac{x-t}{xt}}{x-t}\) as the same as \frac{x-t}{xt}\div (x-t)\(\displaystyle \frac{x-t}{xt}\div (x-t)\) . When we divide a fraction by another quantity, this is the same as multiplying the fraction by the reciprocal of that quantity. In other words, a\div b=a\cdot \frac{1}{b}\(\displaystyle a\div b=a\cdot \frac{1}{b}\).

 

\frac{x-t}{xt}\div (x-t)\(\displaystyle \frac{x-t}{xt}\div (x-t)\) = \frac{x-t}{xt}\cdot \frac{1}{x-t}\(\displaystyle \frac{x-t}{xt}\cdot \frac{1}{x-t}\)=\frac{x-t}{xt(x-t)}\(\displaystyle =\frac{x-t}{xt(x-t)}\)= \frac{1}{xt}\(\displaystyle = \frac{1}{xt}\)

Lastly, we will use the property of exponents which states that, in general, \frac{1}{a}=a^{-1}\(\displaystyle \frac{1}{a}=a^{-1}\).

\frac{1}{xt}=(xt)^{-1}\(\displaystyle \frac{1}{xt}=(xt)^{-1}\)

The answer is (xt)^{-1}\(\displaystyle (xt)^{-1}\).

Example Question #5 : Expressions

Simplify (4x)/(x– 4) * (x + 2)/(x– 2x)

Possible Answers:

4/(x – 2)2

4/(x + 2)2

(4x+ 8x)/(x+ 8x)

x/(x – 2)2

x/(x + 2)

Correct answer:

4/(x – 2)2

Explanation:

Factor first.  The numerators will not factor, but the first denominator factors to (x – 2)(x + 2) and the second denomintaor factors to x(x – 2).  Multiplying fractions does not require common denominators, so now look for common factors to divide out.  There is a factor of x and a factor of (x + 2) that both divide out, leaving 4 in the numerator and two factors of (x – 2) in the denominator.

Example Question #32 : Expressions

what is 6/8 X 20/3

Possible Answers:
5
120/11
9/40
3/20
18/160
Correct answer: 5
Explanation:

6/8 X 20/3 first step is to reduce 6/8 -> 3/4 (Divide top and bottom by 2)

3/4 X 20/3 (cross-cancel the threes and the 20 reduces to 5 and the 4 reduces to 1)

1/1 X 5/1 = 5

Example Question #8 : Rational Expressions

Evaluate and simplify the following product:

\(\displaystyle \frac{15x^2+4xy^3-3y}{x^2y^7}\times\frac{5y^4}{4x^3}\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle \frac{20x^2+9xy^3-2y}{4x^5y^3}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{75x^2+20xy^3-15y}{4x^5y^3}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{75x^6+20xy^1^2-15y^4}{4x^6y^3}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{75x^2y^-^3+20x-15y}{4x^5}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle \frac{75x^2+20xy^3-15y}{4x^5y^3}\)

Explanation:

The procedure for multplying together two rational expressions is the same as multiplying together any two fractions: find the product of the numerators and the product of the denominators separately, and then simplify the resulting quotient as far as possible, as shown:

\(\displaystyle \frac{15x^2+4xy^3-3y}{x^2y^7}\times\frac{5y^4}{4x^3}\)

\(\displaystyle =\frac{(15x^2+4xy^3-3y)(5y^4)}{(x^2y^7)(4x^3)}\)

\(\displaystyle =\frac{75x^2y^4+20xy^7-15y^5}{4x^5y^7}\)

\(\displaystyle =\frac{75x^2+20xy^3-15y}{4x^5y^3}\)

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