SAT Mathematics : Finding Zeros

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for SAT Mathematics

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Example Questions

Example Question #1 : Finding Zeros

Which of the following represents a quadratic equation with its zeros at \displaystyle x=4 and \displaystyle x=5?

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle x^2+x+9=0

\displaystyle x^2-x-9=0

\displaystyle x^2-9x+20=0

\displaystyle x^2-9x-20=0

Correct answer:

\displaystyle x^2-9x+20=0

Explanation:

The important first step of creating a quadratic equation from its zeros is knowing what a zero really is. A zero of a quadratic (or polynomial) is an x-coordinate at which the y-coordinate is equal to 0.  

We find that algebraically by factoring quadratics into the form , and then setting \displaystyle x equal to \displaystyle m and \displaystyle n, because in each of those cases and entire parenthetical term would equal 0, and anything times 0 equals 0.

Here the question gives you a head start: we know that the numbers 4 and 5 can go in the \displaystyle m and \displaystyle n spots, because if so we'll have found our zeros. So we can set up the equation:

This satisfies the requirements of zeros, but now we need to expand this equation using FOIL to turn it into a proper quadratic. That means that our quadratic is:

And when we combine like terms it's:

\displaystyle x^2-9x+20=0

Example Question #2 : Finding Zeros

How many distinct zeros does the function \displaystyle f(x)=x^3-8x^2+16x have?

Possible Answers:

3

2

1

More than 3

Correct answer:

2

Explanation:

The zeros of a function are points at which the function crosses the x-axis, or perhaps more simply points at which the function is equal to 0. So to solve for those, set the function equal to zero and then solve it like you would a quadratic. Here that gives you:

\displaystyle x^3-8x^2+16x=0

You can then factor the common \displaystyle x term:

\displaystyle x(x^2-8x+16)=0

And then factor the quadratic within parentheses. Note that this quadratic is one of the common perfect square quadratics:

\displaystyle x(x-4)^2=0 or \displaystyle x(x-4)(x-4)=0 

The solutions to this equation, then, are \displaystyle x=4 and \displaystyle x=0. Note that the question asks you for how many distinct zeros the function has, so you cannot count \displaystyle x=4 twice. The answer, then, is 2.

Example Question #3 : Finding Zeros

Which of the following equations belongs to a polynomial function with zeros at \displaystyle x=2 and \displaystyle x=7?

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle f(x)=2x^2-18x-28

\displaystyle f(x)=x^2+9x-14

\displaystyle f(x)=x^2+9x+14

\displaystyle f(x)=2x^2-18x+28

Correct answer:

\displaystyle f(x)=2x^2-18x+28

Explanation:

A function with zeros at 2 and 7 would factor to  \displaystyle a(x-2)(x-7)=0, where it is important to recognize that \displaystyle a is the coefficient. So while you might be looking to simply expand \displaystyle (x-2)(x-7) \displaystyle =0 to \displaystyle x^2 -9x+14=0, note that none of the options with a simple \displaystyle x^2 term (and not \displaystyle 2x^2) directly equal that simple quadratic when set to 0.

 

However, if you multiply  by 2, you get \displaystyle 2x^2-18x+28=0

Example Question #4 : Finding Zeros

How many distinct zeros does the function \displaystyle f(x)=x^4-7x^3-18x^2 have?

Possible Answers:

3

More than 3

1

2

Correct answer:

3

Explanation:

When you're graphing a function, the zeros of the function are the points at which the function crosses the x-axis. What that really means is that the value of the function is zero at those points, so to solve for those zeros algebraically you can just set the function equal to zero and solve. Here that would mean:

\displaystyle x^4-7x^3-18x^2=0

So factor the common \displaystyle x^2 term to get:

\displaystyle x^2(x^2-7x-18)=0

And then factor the quadratic within parentheses:

\displaystyle x^2(x-9)(x+2)=0 

You can then see that there are three values of \displaystyle x that would make this equation true: \displaystyle x=0, x=9, and \displaystyle x=-2. The answer is therefore 3.

Example Question #5 : Finding Zeros

What is the sum of all unique zeros to the function \displaystyle f(x)=x^3-2x^2+x?

Possible Answers:

1

2

-1

-2

Correct answer:

1

Explanation:

The zeros of a function are the x-values at which the function is equal to zero. So to solve for the zeros, set the function equal to zero. That would give you here:

\displaystyle x^3-2x^2+x=0

Then you can factor the common \displaystyle x to get:

\displaystyle x(x^2-2x+1)=0

And then factor like you would a quadratic:

\displaystyle x(x-1)(x-1)=0

Or, more succinctly formatted:

\displaystyle x(x-1)^2=0

This means that the zeros are at \displaystyle x=0 and \displaystyle x=1. Now, importantly, look at what the question asks for. It wants the sum (add the zeros) of all UNIQUE zeros, meaning you should not count \displaystyle x=1 twice. The sum then is \displaystyle 0+1=1.

Example Question #6 : Finding Zeros

The function \displaystyle f(x)=ax^2+9 does not have any zeros for its domain of all real numbers. Which of the following must be true?

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle a is not an integer

\displaystyle a\neq 9

\displaystyle a\geq 0

\displaystyle a\leq 0

Correct answer:

\displaystyle a\geq 0

Explanation:

The zeros of a function are points at which the function is equal to zero. Here you're told that \displaystyle f(x)=ax^2+9 does not equal zero for any real number values of \displaystyle x and you're asked to determine what that means for \displaystyle a. Note that since \displaystyle x^2 cannot be negative, \displaystyle a would have to be negative in order for the \displaystyle ax^2 term to reduce the other term, \displaystyle +9 to zero. Since you know that this function never equals zero, you can conclude that \displaystyle a is not negative, which means that it is greater than or equal to zero.

Example Question #7 : Finding Zeros

What is the sum of all zeros to the function \displaystyle f(x)=2x^3-x^2-x?

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}

\displaystyle -1

\displaystyle 2

\displaystyle -\frac{1}{2}

Correct answer:

\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}

Explanation:

The zeros of a function are the x-values at which the function itself is equal to zero, so you will generally want to solve these problems by setting the function equal to zero and then factoring like a quadratic. Here that means you would start with:

\displaystyle 2x^3-x^2-x=0

And then factor the common \displaystyle x term:

\displaystyle x(2x^2-x-1)=0

You now know that one of the solutions is \displaystyle x=0, as that would mean that the entire parenthetical term would be multiplied by zero. But you still need to work within the parentheses to factor that quadratic. You should see some helpful factoring clues: when you factor into two parentheticals, the numeric terms have to multiply to -1, meaning that you will likely have one be 1 and the other -1. And the first terms need to multiply to \displaystyle 2x^2 meaning that your first terms will be \displaystyle 2x and \displaystyle x. So you can set up your parentheses as:

\displaystyle (2x \square 1)(x\square1 )=0, where one \displaystyle \square will have a + and one will have a - sign.If you play with the options to see what will work to give you the \displaystyle -x middle term in \displaystyle 2x^2-x-1, you'll see that the proper factorization is:

\displaystyle x(2x+1)(x-1)=0

This means that the solutions for \displaystyle x are \displaystyle 0, -\frac{1}{2}, and \displaystyle 1.  The sum of these solutions, then, is \displaystyle \frac{1}{2}.

Example Question #8 : Finding Zeros

How many distinct zeros does the function \displaystyle f(x)=x^3-4x^2+3x have?

Possible Answers:

1

3

0

2

Correct answer:

3

Explanation:

The zeros of a function are essentially points (or at least the x-values of the points) at which the function is equal to zero. So to solve for the zeros of a function, first set that function itself equal to zero. Here that would mean:

\displaystyle x^3-4x^2+3x=0

Then factor like you would a quadratic; since you have it set to zero, if any multiplicative term equals zero then the "equals zero" will hold for the whole equation. First you can factor the common \displaystyle x term:

\displaystyle x(x^2-4x+3)=0

And then you can factor the quadratic within:

\displaystyle x(x-3)(x-1)=0

This then means that the zeros for this function are at \displaystyle x=0, x=3, and \displaystyle x=1, meaning that this function has three distinct zeros.

 

Example Question #1 : Finding Zeros

How many unique zeros does the function \displaystyle f(x)=x^4+3x^3-18x^2 have?

Possible Answers:

More than 3

1

3

2

Correct answer:

3

Explanation:

The zeros of a function are the x-coordinates at the points where the function (the y-coordinate, if you're graphing it) equals zero. So to solve for the zeros, set the function equal to zero:

\displaystyle x^4+3x^3-18x^2=0

Here you can then factor the common \displaystyle x^2 term, yielding:

\displaystyle x^2(x^2+3x-18)=0

Now you can factor the quadratic within the parentheses. This gives you:

\displaystyle x^2(x+6)(x-3)=0

The solutions to this equation are at the points \displaystyle x=0, x = -6, and \displaystyle x=3, demonstrating that there are 3 unique zeros to this function.

Example Question #9 : Finding Zeros

What is the sum of all unique zeros to the function \displaystyle f(x)=x^3+17x^2+72x?

Possible Answers:

8

72

17

-17

Correct answer:

-17

Explanation:

The zeros of a function are the x-values at which the value of the function equals zero. So to solve for the zeros of a function, set the function equal to zero and then solve for \displaystyle x. Here that means setting the function equal to zero:

\displaystyle x^3+17x^2+72x=0

Then factor the common \displaystyle x:

\displaystyle x(x^2+17x+72)=0

Then factor the quadratic in parentheses:

\displaystyle x(x+9)(x+8)=0

Now make sure you solve for \displaystyle x. The values of \displaystyle x that lead to a product of zero are \displaystyle x=0, x = -9, and \displaystyle x=-8.  Therefore the sum is \displaystyle =17.

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